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91.
Parametric embedding for class visualization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iwata T Saito K Ueda N Stromsten S Griffiths TL Tenenbaum JB 《Neural computation》2007,19(9):2536-2556
We propose a new method, parametric embedding (PE), that embeds objects with the class structure into a low-dimensional visualization space. PE takes as input a set of class conditional probabilities for given data points and tries to preserve the structure in an embedding space by minimizing a sum of Kullback-Leibler divergences, under the assumption that samples are generated by a gaussian mixture with equal covariances in the embedding space. PE has many potential uses depending on the source of the input data, providing insight into the classifier's behavior in supervised, semisupervised, and unsupervised settings. The PE algorithm has a computational advantage over conventional embedding methods based on pairwise object relations since its complexity scales with the product of the number of objects and the number of classes. We demonstrate PE by visualizing supervised categorization of Web pages, semisupervised categorization of digits, and the relations of words and latent topics found by an unsupervised algorithm, latent Dirichlet allocation. 相似文献
92.
Given a digraph (or an undirected graph) G=(V,E) with a set V of vertices v with nonnegative real costs w(v), and a set E of edges and a positive integer k, we deal with the problem of finding a minimum cost subset SV such that, for each vertex vV−S, there are k vertex-disjoint paths from S to v. In this paper, we show that the problem can be solved by a greedy algorithm in
time in a digraph (or in
time in an undirected graph), where n=|V| and m=|E|. Based on this, given a digraph and two integers k and ℓ, we also give a polynomial time algorithm for finding a minimum cost subset SV such that for each vertex vV−S, there are k vertex-disjoint paths from S to v as well as ℓ vertex-disjoint paths from v to S. 相似文献
93.
We consider weighted finite transducers over arbitrary groups, that is finite transducers having a counter in which, at any
step, a value of the group is stored but no information regarding the content of this counter is available until the computation
is finished. The computation is valid if the counter value is the neutral element of the group. We generalize here some results
from [8] and [17].
Received: 28 January 2001 / 5 June 2001 相似文献
94.
Optical two-way communication system using a rotary coupler 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
95.
AT Holley LJ Broussard JL Davis K Hickerson TM Ito CY Liu JT Lyles M Makela RR Mammei MP Mendenhall CL Morris R Mortensen RW Pattie R Rios A Saunders AR Young 《The Review of scientific instruments》2012,83(7):073505
The UCNA collaboration is making a precision measurement of the β asymmetry (A) in free neutron decay using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). A critical component of this experiment is an adiabatic fast passage neutron spin flipper capable of efficient operation in ambient magnetic fields on the order of 1 T. The requirement that it operate in a high field necessitated the construction of a free neutron spin flipper based, for the first time, on a birdcage resonator. The design, construction, and initial testing of this spin flipper prior to its use in the first measurement of A with UCN during the 2007 run cycle of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center's 800 MeV proton accelerator is detailed. These studies determined the flipping efficiency of the device, averaged over the UCN spectrum present at the location of the spin flipper, to be ε=0.9985(4). 相似文献
96.
The spatial distribution of microorganisms and their in situ activities in anaerobic granules were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), beta imaging and microsensors. FISH results revealed a layered structure of microorganisms in the granule, where Chloroflexi was present in the outermost layer, Smithella spp. and Syntrophobacter spp. were found in a depth of ca. 100 μm, and Archaea was restricted to the inner layer (below ca. 300 μm from the surface). Substrate uptake patterns elucidated by beta imaging demonstrated that glucose uptake was highest at 50 μm depth, whereas propionate uptake had a peak at 200 μm depth. In addition, microsensor measurements revealed that acid was produced mainly at 100 μm depth and H(2) production was detected at a depth from 100 to 200 μm. H(2) consumption and corresponding CH(4) production were found below 200 μm from the surface. Direct comparison of these results implied sequential degradation of complex organic compounds in anaerobic granules; Chloroflexi contributed to fermentation of organic compounds and acid production in the outermost layer, volatile fatty acids were oxidized and H(2) was produced mainly by Smithella spp. and Syntrophobacter spp. at a depth from 100 to 200 μm, and Archaea produced CH(4) below ca. 300 μm from the surface. 相似文献
97.
Case learning for CBR-based collision avoidance systems 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Yuhong Liu Chunsheng Yang Yubin Yang Fuhua Lin Xuanmin Du Takayuki Ito 《Applied Intelligence》2012,36(2):308-319
With the rapid development of case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques, CBR has been widely applied to real-world applications
such as collision avoidance systems. A successful CBR-based system relies on a high-quality case base, and a case creation
technique for generating such a case base is highly required. In this paper, we propose an automated case learning method
for CBR-based collision avoidance systems. Building on techniques from CBR and natural language processing, we developed a
methodology for learning cases from maritime affair records. After giving an overview on the developed systems, we present
the methodology and the experiments conducted in case creation and case evaluation. The experimental results demonstrated
the usefulness and applicability of the case learning approach for generating cases from the historic maritime affair records. 相似文献
98.
This paper addresses the problem of verifying stability of networks whose subsystems admit dissipation inequalities of integral input-to-state stability (iISS). We focus on two ways of constructing a Lyapunov function satisfying a dissipation inequality of a given network. Their difference from one another is elucidated from the viewpoint of formulation, relation, fundamental limitation and capability. One is referred to as the max-type construction resulting in a Lipschitz continuous Lyapunov function. The other is the sum-type construction resulting in a continuously differentiable Lyapunov function. This paper presents geometrical conditions under which the Lyapunov construction is possible for a network comprising subsystems. Although the sum-type construction for general has not yet been reduced to a readily computable condition, we obtain a simple condition of iISS small gain in the case of . It is demonstrated that the max-type construction fails to offer a Lyapunov function if the network contains subsystems which are not input-to-state stable (ISS). 相似文献
99.
Shunjiro Ogawa Hideyo Suzuki Masatake Toyoda Yoshio Ito Masahiro Iwaida Hiroko Nonogi Tazu Fuke Kazuo Obara Tadao Adachi Koichi Fujita Makiko Ikuzawa Tetsuo Izumi Takashi Hamano Yukimasa Mitsuhashi Yukio Matsuki 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1979,168(4):293-298
Summary Detection and determination of traces of sulphites in foods was attempted by use of the modified Rankine apparatus and pararosaniline colorimetry. Replacement of alkaline titration reported previously by pararosaniline colorimetry lowered the absolute detection limit from 30 g (titration method) to 2 g. In view of clean analysis, in the color developing system, 0.1 N-sodium hydroxide was used in place of mercuric chloride solution commonly used as an absorbant of sulphites. In order to prevent oxidative decomposition of sulphites during operation, nitrogen gas was used as carrier instead of air. Dimedone and sodium azide were used for the elimination of aldehydes and nitrites, respecitvely, in the sample, which will disturb the color development of sulphites with pararosaniline-formaldehyde reagents. With this improved method, it was possible to determine the residual sulphites in frozen peeled shrimps, sugared beans and other foods with low sulphite contents accurately.
Studies on the Analyses of Sulphites in Foods (IV) 相似文献
Colorimetrische Mikrobestimmung von Sulfiten in Lebensmitteln bei Anwendung der modifizierten IV. Rankine Apparatur
Zusammenfassung Geringe Sulfitmengen in Lebensmitteln (geschälte Garnelen, gezuckerte Bohnen) können colorimetrisch bestimmt werden. Die neuentwickelte Methode beruht auf einer Kombination von colorimetrischer Bestimmung mittels p-Rosanilin und der Bestimmungsmethode nach Rankine. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Gehalte von 2 g noch genau bestimmen. Bei der Farbentwicklung wurde das giftige Quecksilbertetrachlorid durch 0.1 n-NaOH ersetzt, anstelle von Luft Stickstoff als Trägergas verwendet und somit eine Oxydation des Sulfits während der Bestimmung vermieden. Da Nitrit und Aldehyde die Farbentwicklung stören, wurde ihr Einfluß durch Dimedon und Natriumazid ausgeschaltet.
Studies on the Analyses of Sulphites in Foods (IV) 相似文献
100.
The stability region of the helical textures in3He-A in thev
s-H phase diagram is theoretically determined. Herev
sis the superflow velocity andH (v
s) is the external magnetic field. The pitch of the helixk
–1 that minimizes the Gibbs free energy and the corresponding inclination angles ofl andd are determined numerically as functions ofv
sandH. The NMR frequencies (two longitudinal and four transverse frequencies) associated with the helical texture are obtained.Work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 76-21032. 相似文献