Attachment theory and rections to others' needs: Evidence that activiation of the sense of attachment security promotes empathic responses.

Five studies examined the effects of chronic and contextual activation of attachment security on reactions to others' needs. The sense of attachment security was contextually primed by asking participants to recollect personal memories, read a story, or look at a picture of supportive others or by subliminally exposing them to proximity-related words. This condition was compared against the priming of neutral themes, positive affect, or attachment-insecurity schemas. Then reports of empathy and personal distress or the accessibility of empathy and personal-distress memories were assessed. Attachment-security priming strengthened empathic reactions and inhibited personal distress. Self-reports of attachment anxiety and avoidance were inversely related to empathy, and attachment anxiety was positively related to personal distress. The discussion emphasizes the relevance of attachment theory for explaining reactions to others' needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between electron transfer rate and molecular conduction 2. The sequential hopping case

This note discusses the relationship between a given bridge-assisted electron transfer rate and the corresponding zero-bias molecular conduction of the same molecular species, in the limit where both processes occur by sequential hopping. It follows a previous publication (A. Nitzan, J. Phys. Chem. A 2001 , 105, 2677-2679) in which the same issue was discussed for coherent tunneling transfer.     

Theoretical and experimental comparison of conventional and advanced solar pond performance

Numerical and physical experiments were carried out to compare the performance of two solar pond systems: (a) a conventional salt gradient solar pond (CSP) and (b) a salt gradient pond operated as an “advanced solar pond” (ASP). The main differences in the ASP, as originally proposed by Osdor[1], are an increase in overall salinity and the introduction of a stratified flowing layer near the bottom of the gradient zone. The increased salinity is meant to reduce evaporative heat loss and make up water requirements, while the additional flowing layer allows extra heat extraction and possibly higher temperatures to develop in the lower convective zone. A numerical study was performed to evaluate the salinity effect and the results show only a minor effect of increased salinity on heat collection efficiency. However, slightly higher collection temperatures are obtained, which may provide some benefit for heat engine efficiency. Physical experiments were performed to test the feasibility of constructing and maintaining the necessary flow system for the ASP and also to compare the performance of the ASP and the CSP under similar laboratory conditions. These tests showed that a stable stratified flowing layer could be maintained and that the ASP configuration produced higher efficiencies.     

The Adult Attachment Interview and self-reports of attachment style: An empirical rapprochement.

Although 10 studies have been published on the empirical overlap of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and measures of self-reported attachment style, results in this literature have been inconsistently interpreted in narrative reviews. This report was designed as a rapprochement of the AAI and attachment style literatures and includes 3 studies. Study 1 (combined N = 961) is a meta-analytic review showing that by J. Cohen's (1992) criteria (mean r = .09), the association between AAI security and attachment style dimensions is trivial to small. Study 2 (N = 160) confirms meta-analytic results with state-of-the-art assessments of attachment security and also examines attachment dimensions in relation to the Big 5 personality traits. Finally, Study 3 is an investigation of 50 engaged couples that shows that developmental and social psychological measures of attachment security predict somewhat distinct--though theoretically anticipated--aspects of functioning in adult relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

创新助推“兰陵”成长

江苏兰陵化工集团坐落在长江三角洲著名的“涂料之乡”——常州市横山桥镇。创建于1980年,是中国改革开放大潮中,由乡镇企业“苏南模式”创新演进成功的典型企业。25年来,江苏兰陵化工集团以改革和创新促进经济发展,在产品科技含量、市场占有率、综合经济效益上创造出一个又一个的奇迹!这些奇迹,令业界吃惊,令社会关注。下面,就让我们来解读江苏兰陵化工集团公司成功与发展之谜!     

果蔬脆片浸渍工艺分析

本文着重讨论果蔬脆片加工工艺中浸渍工艺的作用，浸渍液的选取、配制及浸制工艺分析。