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51.
为测定混凝土,石料等脆性材料的抗拉应力应变关系全过程曲线,作在普通材料试验机上研制了一各采用薄壁金属套筒及球铰方式对中的受拉辅助吸能装置。 相似文献
52.
This paper reviews studies on the basic principles of biostimulation of wound healing by various low-energy lasers. It looks at the mechanism of action of biostimulation as well as the laser's effect on cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and would healing. 相似文献
53.
The detailed flow structures in bubble columns with and without internal draught tube have been investigated using the PIV technique. The onsets of transition due to vortex formation and different flow patterns with and without draught tube have been studied using the drift‐flux model and the experimentally measured Reynolds stresses. The role of solid particles and liquid viscosity, as well as bubbling orifice configuration on the flow patterns and regime transition has also been studied and discussed. 相似文献
54.
M Lwin S Aung MP Kyaw H Aung N Sint Y Win H Oo H Thein SM Tun 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,28(2):247-253
Using a derivative of the plasmid pBR322 we have tested the dimer catastrophe hypothesis of plasmid instability. Most of the theory was confirmed by our observations, but our data suggest that some of the quantitative aspects need modification. In a recF strain of Escherichia coli we estimated the difference in loss rate between the plasmid in the monomeric and the dimeric state to be a factor of 13-14 and the difference in the loss rate between the plasmid in the monomeric and the trimeric state to be a factor of 14-50. We were able to confirm that plasmid oligomers were heterogeneously distributed within a rec+ population, but we were unable to detect any pronounced difference in the level of growth inhibition exerted by the plasmid when in the monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric state. This leaves open the question as to whether runaway plasmid multimerization was prevented (i) by a small correlation between the inhibition of growth and the 'multimeric status' of the plasmid, (ii) by intramolecular homologous recombination, or (iii) whether the process of runaway multimerization is too slow to be recognized within the duration of the experiments, i.e. 200 generations of growth. 相似文献
55.
56.
AJ Barber E Lieth SA Khin DA Antonetti AG Buchanan TW Gardner 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,102(4):783-791
This study determined whether retinal degeneration during diabetes includes retinal neural cell apoptosis. Image analysis of retinal sections from streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats after 7.5 months of STZ diabetes identified 22% and 14% reductions in the thickness of the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers, respectively (P < 0. 001). The number of surviving ganglion cells was also reduced by 10% compared to controls (P < 0.001). In situ end labeling of DNA terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) identified a 10-fold increase in the frequency of retinal apoptosis in whole-mounted rat retinas after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of diabetes (P < 0.001, P < 0. 001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). Most TUNEL-positive cells were not associated with blood vessels and did not colocalize with the endothelial cell-specific antigen, von Willebrand factor. Insulin implants significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells (P < 0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive cells was also increased in retinas from humans with diabetes. These data indicate that retinal neural cell death occurs early in diabetes. This is the first quantitative report of an increase in neural cell apoptosis in the retina during diabetes, and indicates that neurodegeneration is an important component of diabetic retinopathy. 相似文献
57.
Feedforward Controller of Ill-Conditioned Hysteresis Using Singularity-Free Prandtl–Ishlinskii Model
Cheng Yap Shee U-Xuan Tan Riviere C.N. Wei Tech Ang Win Tun Latt 《Mechatronics, IEEE/ASME Transactions on》2009,14(5):598-605
Piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and shape memory alloy actuators are gaining importance in high-frequency precision applications constrained by space. Their intrinsic hysteretic behavior makes control difficult. The Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) operator can model hysteresis well, albeit a major inadequacy: the inverse operator does not exist when the hysteretic curve gradient is not positive definite, i.e., ill condition occurs when slope is negative. An inevitable tradeoff between modeling accuracy and inversion stability exists. The hysteretic modeling improves with increasing number of play operators. But as the piecewise continuous interval of each operator reduces, the model tends to be ill-conditioned, especially at the turning points. Similar ill-conditioned situation arises when these actuators move heavy loads or operate at high frequency. This paper proposes an extended PI operator to map hysteresis to a domain where inversion is well behaved. The inverse weights are then evaluated to determine the inverse hysteresis model for the feedforward controller. For illustration purpose, a piezoelectric actuator is used. 相似文献
58.
Shi J.-W. Chen C.-C. Wang C.-K. Lin C.-S. Sheu J.-K. Lai W.-C. Kuo C.-H. Tun C.-J. Yang T.-H. Tsao F.-C. Chyi J.-I. 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2008,20(6):449-451
In this study, we demonstrate a GaN-based phosphor-free white-light light-emitting diode (LED), which is composed of GaN-based dual-wavelength (blue and yellow-green) multiple-quantum-wells (MQWs) and a transverse p-n junction. The device was realized by the regrowth of n-type GaN layers on the sidewall of p-type GaN and undoped MQWs. The problems related to the bias-dependent shape of the electroluminescence spectra that occur in traditional phosphor-free white-light LEDs (with vertical p-n junctions) are greatly minimized. The current-voltage performance of our device is comparable to that of the commercially available phosphor white-light LEDs. In addition, the dynamic measurement results indicate that we can attain a much higher modulation bandwidth (22 versus 3 MHz) with this device than with the currently available commercial ones. 相似文献
59.
This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on acrylamide formation in foods during thermal processing. The main
pathway of acrylamide formation in foods is linked to the Maillard reaction, and in particular, the amino acid asparagine.
Effects of several factors related to food composition and processing conditions on the formation levels of acrylamide, and
also, other quality characteristics in thermally processed foods are discussed in detail. From a process control point of
view, it is also addressed that there is a need to develop viable models for the estimation of acrylamide contents in heated
foods during the stages of process design and optimization. Fried potato products, as one of the most encountered category
of thermally processed foods, are specifically emphasized for acrylamide formation, potential ways of mitigation, and modeling
its formation during frying. 相似文献
60.