Effect of silane coupling on the joint characteristics of friction lap joined Al alloy/CFRP

Dissimilar materials joining of an A5052 plate and a carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP), which consisted of polyamide 6 (PA6) with 20 wt% carbon fibre addition, was performed using friction lap joining (FLJ) with the Al alloy plate as a top and the CFRTP plate as a bottom. The joint characteristics were evaluated to investigate effects of the surface treatment by the silane coupling treatment for A5052 and the joining speed on the joining properties. The joint strength was increased by inducing the silane coupling treatment for the A5052 plate surface. The tensile shear fracture load of the silane coupling treated FLJ joint increased by increasing the joining speed up to 6.67 mm/s and then decreased. The maximum tensile shear fracture load of 5.0 kN was obtained at the joining speed of 6.67 mm/s, and the fracture occurred at the CFRTP base plate with the joint efficiency of 97%. The shear strength of the joint interface of the joint formed at the joining speed of 1.67 mm/s, which fractured at the joining interface by the tensile shear test, was estimated to be about 19 MPa. The covalent bondings between the A5052 plate and the silane coupling layer, and the silane coupling layer and the CFRTP plate were indicated by inducing the silane coupling treatment.     

Dissimilar materials joining of metal/carbon fibre reinforced plastic by resistance spot welding

ABSTRACT

Dissimilar materials joining of metal to carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP), which consisted of PA6, modified polypropylene (PP) or polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) as matrix polymer with short carbon fibre, was performed using series resistance spot welding (series-RSW). The metal plate was placed on CFRP plate as the lap joint, and electrodes of series-RSW were pressed only on the metal plate side. The metal around the electrode was heated by electrical resistance heating, and the thermoplastic near the interface was slightly melted by the heat conduction from heated metal. The objectives of this research are to confirm the possibility of direct joining of CFRP and metal, and to investigate the effects of the heat input during series-RSW, silane-coupling treatment and chemical structure of matrix plastics on the joint properties.

The direct joint formations of SUS304 to CFRP (PA6) and CFRP (PP) were accomplished, and CFRP (PPS) was not. The joining area, which corresponding to the melted area of CFRP, enlarged with increasing the welding current and welding time, therefore, the tensile shear fracture load also increased. The silane-coupling treatment for metal surface was highly effective to increase the joining strength. The maximum tensile shear strength of about 13 MPa was obtained for SUS304/CFRP (PA6) joint.     

Effects of glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor and ganglioside GQ1b on synchronous oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ in cultured cortical neurons

To evaluate the role of endogenous gangliosides in synapse formation, the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), was used to deplete glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons. Synapse formation between the neurons was estimated by the synchronous oscillation of synaptic activity monitored by fura-2 calcium imaging. Treatment with D-PDMP resulted in dose- and time-dependent decreases in the frequency of synchronous oscillations. When a series of gangliosides (GM3, GM1, GD3, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b) was supplemented to the GSL depleted cells, only GQ1b was able to normalize the decreased frequency by D-PDMP. These results suggest that de novo synthesis of a particular molecular species of the gangliosides, GQ1b, is essential for synapse formation and synaptic activity.     

Modeling and visualization for a pearl-quality evaluation simulator

Visual simulation using CG and VR has attracted wide attention in the machine vision field. This paper proposes a method of modeling and visualizing pearls that will be the central technique of a pearl-quality evaluation simulator. Pearls manifest a very specific optical phenomenon that is not dependent on the direction of the light source. To investigate this feature, we propose a physical model, called an illuminant model for multilayer film interference considering the multiple reflection in spherical bodies. The rendering algorithm has been configured from such representations of physical characteristics as interference, mirroring, and texture, which correspond, respectively, to the sense of depth, brightness, and grain that are the main evaluation factors obtained from psychological experiments. Further, portions of photos of real pearls and the images generated by the present method were evaluated based on a scale of psychological evaluations of pearl-like quality demonstrating, thereby, that not merely the generated images as a whole, but the respective parts of images can present such a pearl-like quality     

Hemangiosarcoma of liver and spleen treated by hepatic artery ligation, intraportal infusion chemotherapy, and splenectomy

Hepatic artery ligation is useful as a palliation of irressectable hepatic tumors, but does not always produce a satisfactory result. Hepatic tumor with high vascularity is expected to respond more favorably. In this context, primary liver cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor or leiomyosarcoma of the liver have been satistfactorily treated by hepatic artery ligation. A case is presented of hemangiosarcoma of theliver and spleen treated effectively by hepatic artery ligation, splenectomy, and postoperative intraportal infusion of 5-fluorouracil, as indicated by the regression of hepatic tumors on postoperative scanning and arteriograpms.     

Far-infrared spectroscopy by synchrotron radiation at the UVSOR Facility

At the UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, the practical use of the synchrotron radiation as a far-infrared light source has started. A spectroscopic system has been constructed at the beam line BL6A1 of UVSOR storage ring, which covers the wavenumber region from 5 to 250 cm^?1. The cross sectional diameter of the light beam at the sample position is as small as 3 mm with the angular divergence of about 100 mrad. The system has been made mainly for the transmission and reflection measurements of small samples with small angular divergence by the use of the high brightness of the synchrotron radiation. Examples of observed transmission and reflectivity spectra are shown.     

Lymphangioma of the esophagus presenting symptoms of achalasia--a case report

A case of lymphangioma of the esophagus with symptoms of achalasia was presented. Compressible and folded intramural tumors were found from the middle to the lower part of the esophagus and the Mecholyl test was positive. After incisional biopsy at lower esophagus through full thickness of the wall, the opening was repaired with Thal-Hatafuku's fundic patch procedures to relieve achalasia. Postoperative course was uneventful and symptoms of achalasia completely disappeared.     

Anesthesia for funnel chest operation

The incidence of perioperative complication and days of hospital stay were studied in 56 patients with funnel chest operation under inhalational anesthesia (18 cases), intravenous anesthesia (23 cases) and epidural anesthesia (15 cases). Perioperative complication occurred most frequently in the inhalational group and was followed by intravenous and epidural group. Postoperative hospitalization on an average was 21.4 days in the inhalational group, 21.9 days in the intravenous group and 16.7 days in the epidural group. It is said that postoperative pain leads to splinting of the chest, which can cause atelectasis and/or pneumonia. Severe postoperative pulmonary complication was reduced in the epidural groups. As a result, hospitalization in the epidural group was shorter than in other groups. This study suggests that epidural anesthesia is more advantageous for funnel chest operation because epidural anesthesia has protective action against arrhythmia and postoperative pulmonary complication.     

Estimation of uncertainties on dose calculations of the 99mTc-MDP-injected patients in nuclear medicine

The internal exposures of the patients in nuclear medicine can be calculated based on the equations and data in ICRP Publications 53 and 80. Physical and biological parameters are used for the calculation, and both include uncertainties. Physical parameters can be considered as more precise than biological parameters, so that uncertainties originated from biological parameters are more important. Absorbed fractions (AFs) have been calculated by Monte-Carlo method using medical internal radiation dose (MIRD)-type mathematical phantoms. They depend on the shapes and sizes of the phantoms used in simulations. For estimating shape- and size-related uncertainties, AFs of pairs of source regions and target tissues of the patient-injected 99mTc-MDP were calculated by using EGS4 codes and a voxel phantom of Japanese male. By simply resizing the voxels of the phantom, the dependencies of size for AFs were calculated, and the uncertainties caused by the cumulated activities in source regions were also estimated by assuming these parameters distributions as Gaussian.