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31.
Yasuki Kakishita Kazutoshi Sasahara Tetsuro Nishino Miki Takahasi Kazuo Okanoya 《Data mining and knowledge discovery》2009,18(3):446-471
We propose an efficient automata-based approach to extract behavioral units and rules from continuous sequential data of animal
behavior. By introducing novel extensions, we integrate two elemental methods—the N-gram model and Angluin’s machine learning algorithm into an ethological data mining framework. This allows us to obtain the
minimized automaton-representation of behavioral rules that accept (or generate) the smallest set of possible behavioral patterns
from sequential data of animal behavior. With this method, we demonstrate how the ethological data mining works using real
birdsong data; we use the Bengalese finch song and perform experimental evaluations of this method using artificial birdsong
data generated by a computer program. These results suggest that our ethological data mining works effectively even for noisy
behavioral data by appropriately setting the parameters that we introduce. In addition, we demonstrate a case study using
the Bengalese finch song, showing that our method successfully grasps the core structure of the singing behavior such as loops
and branches.
Yasuki Kakishita and Kazutoshi Sasahara have contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
32.
S. Shirakata Y. Fujiwara M. Kondo T. Nishino Y. Hamakawa 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1986,15(6):323-329
The interface stress at InGaPAs/GaAs heterostructure has been investigated using the energy shift and splitting of the Cr-related
zero-phonon photoluminescence line at 0.839 eV observed in GaAs. It has been found that the GaAs substrate suffers both compressive
uniaxial stress and tensile hydrostatic pressure at the InGaPAs/GaAs heterointerface. These shifts and splittings of the 0.839
eV line have been systematically examined as a function of the lattice mismatch between InGaPAs and GaAs, and the thicknesses
of the epitaxial-layer and substrate. The amount of the interface stress existing at InGaPAs/GaAs heterostructure has been
estimated, based on uniaxial stress data for GaAs: Cr wafers. 相似文献
33.
T. Nishino T. Watanabe M. Hieda M. Suzuki N. Wada K. Torii 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2002,126(1-2):397-402
We measured the mechanical response of
4
He films adsorbed on an oscillating substrate with a small amount of N2 molecules using an ultrasonic technique. Compared with the substrate with no N2 molecules, it was found that nonsuperfluid
4
He films undergo slipping at lower temperature. This means that the frictional force acting on these films is increased by N2 molecules adsorbed on the substrate. 相似文献
34.
35.
K Umemura Y Ikeda K Kondo M Nakashima H Naganuma M Hisaoka H Nishino M Tajima 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,41(12):2664-2669
CS-834, (+)-[pivaloyloxymethyl (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-[[(R)-5-oxopyrroli din-3-yl]thio]-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate], is an ester-type oral carbapenem prodrug, and an active metabolite is R-95867, which has antibacterial activity. CS-834 was administered orally to healthy male volunteers at single doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg and at a multiple dose of 150 mg three times a day for 7 days to investigate its safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. Other studies were conducted to examine the effect of food intake on the bioavailability of CS-834 and also the effect of the coadministration of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of CS-834. In the fasting state, the concentration of R-95867 in plasma reached maximum levels from 1.1 to 1.7 h after the oral administration of CS-834, followed by a monoexponential decrease. The maximum concentrations of R-95867 in serum (C[max]s) after the administration of CS-834 at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg were 0.51, 0.97, 1.59, and 2.51 microg/ml, respectively. The half-lives (t1/2s) were almost constant, approximately 0.7 h. The areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) were proportional to the doses, ranging from 50 to 400 mg x h/ml. The cumulative recoveries in urine were approximately 30 to 35% until 24 h after drug administration. The C(max), AUC, t1/2, and recovery in urine were not affected by food intake. Probenecid coadministration prolonged the t1/2, and it increased the C(max) and AUC for R-95867 by approximately 1.5- and 2.1-fold, respectively. The multiple-dose study showed no change in the pharmacokinetics from those for the single doses and no drug accumulation in the body. A mild transient soft stool was observed in one volunteer in the study with a single dose of 400 mg. In the multiple-dose study, mild transient soft stools were observed in six volunteers, one volunteer had mild transient diarrhea, and one volunteer had elevated serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels (1.4- and 2.8-fold compared with the upper limits of normal, respectively). There were no other abnormal findings for objective symptoms or laboratory findings, including blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, body temperature, hematology, blood chemistry, and urinalysis. 相似文献
36.
Yamanaka K. Nagata Y. Nakano S. Koda T. Nishino H. Tsukahara Y. Cho H. Inaba M. Satoh A. 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1995,42(3):381-386
We present principle and application of a novel noncontact velocity measurement of surface acoustic waves (SAW) on crystals and thin films using laser interference fringes scanned at the phase velocity of SAW. The scanning interference fringes (SIF) are produced by intersecting two laser beams with a frequency difference. The SAW velocity within the laser beam spot is measured as the ratio of observed SAW frequency and predetermined wave number of the SIF. The frequency measurement can be quite precise because of a large number of generated SAW carriers and amplitude enhancement effect. The SAW velocity measurement is free from the water loading effect accompanying the leaky SAW measurements. This principle was successfully applied to evaluate Si 3N4 and SiO2 films deposited on Si (001) surface 相似文献
37.
Hasegawa H. Nagaishi H. Kominami S. Yamada H. Nishino T. 《Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on》1995,5(4):3504-3510
This paper describes the development of a dc-powered Josephson logic family that uses hybrid unlatching flip-flop logic elements (Huffles). The Huffle circuit used in this study is modified by adding a parallel resistor to the original Hebard-type Huffle circuit. Analysis of the circuit's operation shows that the undesirable hung-up phenomena are prevented by this modification. Based on the result of the analysis, the circuit's parameters are derived and a typical operating margin of ±26% is obtained. Besides AND/OR operations using a threshold logic operation, two-input exclusive OR (XOR), two-input multiplexor (MUX), and three-input majority (MAJ) operations are realized using a Huffle gate in which 2-Josephson-interferometers (2JI) in the standard Huffle gate are replaced by stacked-2JI's. Thus, a Huffle logic family, formed from NOT, AND, OR, XOR, MUX, MAJ, and flip-flop (FF), are constructed. By using this Huffle logic family, a 6-b arithmetic logic operating unit (ALU), a 6-b analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a 6-b gray-to-binary converter (GBC) have been successfully operated. During high-speed testing, a 1-b comparator was operated up to an input bandwidth of 6 GHz 相似文献
38.
When rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase was incubated with fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) at pH 8.5, the total enzyme activity decreased gradually to a limited value of initial activity with modification of two lysine residues in a similar way to the modification of bovine milk xanthine oxidase with FDNB (Nishino, T., Tsushima, K., Hille, R. and Massey, V. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7348-7353). After modification with FDNB, the two peptides containing dinitrophenyl-lysine were isolated from the molybdopterin domain after proteolytic digestion and were identified as Lys754 and Lys771 by sequencing the peptides. During the modification of these lysine residues, xanthine dehydrogenase was found to be converted to an oxidase form in the early stage of incubation. Incorporation of the 3H-dinitrophenyl group into enzyme cysteine residues was 0.96 mol per enzyme FAD for 68% conversion to the oxidase form. The modified enzyme was reconverted to the dehydrogenase form by incubation with dithiothreitol with concomitant release of 3H-dinitrophenyl compounds. After modification with 3H-FDNB followed by carboxymethylation under denaturating conditions, the enzyme was digested with proteases. Three 3H-dinitrophenyl-labeled peptides were isolated and sequenced. The modified residues were identified to be Cys535, Cys992 and Cys1324. These residues are conserved among the all known mammalian enzymes, but Cys992 and Cys1324 are not conserved in the chicken enzyme. Cys1324 of the rat enzyme was found not to be involved in the conversion from the dehydrogenase to the oxidase by limited proteolysis experiments, but Cys535 and Cys992 which seemed to be modified alternatively with FDNB appear to be involved in the conversion. 相似文献
39.
S Ozeki T Deguchi M Yasuda M Nakano T Kawamura Y Nishino Y Kawada 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,35(9):2315-2319
The MICs of ofloxacin for 743 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 1988 to 1994 were determined by testing. The strains were from patients with urinary tract infections complicated by functional or anatomical disorders of the urinary tract. Those determined to be ofloxacin resistant (MIC, > or =12.5 microg/ml) comprised 3 of 395 strains (1.3%) from the 1988 to 1990 group, 2 of 166 strains (1.2%) from the 1991 to 1992 group, and 7 of 182 strains (3.8%) from the 1993 to 1994 group. The incidence of resistant strains increased significantly during this period. The percentage of isolates with moderately decreased susceptibilities to ofloxacin (MIC, 0.39 to 3.13 microg/ml) also rose during the same period. To determine the incidence of gyrA mutations in urinary-tract-derived strains of E. coli, we developed a simple and rapid assay based on PCR amplification of the region of the gyrA gene containing the mutation sites followed by digestion of the PCR product with a restriction enzyme. Using this assay, we examined all 182 strains isolated in 1993 and 1994 for the presence of mutations at Ser-83 and Asp-87 in the gyrA gene. Of these strains, 33 (18.1%) had mutations in the gyrA gene. The incidences of mutations at Ser-83, at Asp-87, and at both codons were 10.4 (19 strains), 4.4 (8 strains), and 3.3% (6 strains), respectively. To determine the correlation of the mutations in the gyrA gene with susceptibilities to quinolones (nalidixic acid, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin), we further examined 116 strains for which the MICs of ofloxacin were > or =0.2 microg/ml that were chosen from the isolates in the 1988 to 1992 group. The MICs of nalidixic acid for the strains without mutations at either Ser-83 or Asp-87 were < or =25 microg/ml, whereas those for the strains with single mutations or double mutations were from 50 to >800 microg/ml. For the fluoroquinolones, significant differences in the distributions of the MICs were observed among the strains without mutations, with single mutations, and with double mutations. The accumulation of mutations in the gyrA gene was associated with an increase in fluoroquinolone resistance. Ofloxacin MICs for the majority of the strains with single and double mutations were 0.39 to 3.13 and 6.25 to 100 microg/ml, respectively. This study demonstrates a chronological increase in the percentage of not only highly fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, corresponding to those with double mutations in the gyrA gene, but also strains with moderately decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones, corresponding to those with single mutations. This increase in the incidence of strains with a single mutation in the gyrA gene portends a further increase in the incidence of strains with clinically significant resistance to fluoroquinolones. 相似文献
40.
Nishino T. Hatano M. Hasegawa H. Murai F. Kure T. Hiraiwa A. Yagi K. Kawabe U. 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》1989,10(2):61-63
A superconducting field-effect transistors (FET) with a 0.1-μm-length gate electrode was fabricated and tested at liquid-helium temperature. Two superconducting electrodes (source and drain) were formed on the same Si substrate surface with an oxide-insulated gate electrode by a self-aligned fabrication process. Superconducting current flowing through the semiconductor (Si) between the two superconducting electrodes (Nb) was controlled by a gate-bias voltage 相似文献