The significance of citrate, uromucoid and GAG for diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis in patients with urinary calculi]

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of early postoperative tube feeding on outcomes of liver transplant recipients. METHODS: Fifty transplant patients were randomized prospectively to receive enteral formula via nasointestinal feeding tubes (tube-feeding [TF] group) or maintenance i.v. fluid until oral diets were initiated (control group). Thirty-one patients completed the study. Resting energy expenditure, nitrogen balance, and grip strength were measured on days 2, 4, 7, and 12 after liver transplantation. Calorie and protein intakes were calculated for 12 days posttransplant. RESULTS: Tube feeding was tolerated in the TF group (n = 14). The TF patients had greater cumulative 12-day nutrient intakes (22,464 +/- 3554 kcal, 927 +/- 122 g protein) than did the control patients (15,474 +/- 5265 kcal, 637 +/- 248 g protein) (p < .002). Nitrogen balance was better in the TF group on posttransplant day 4 than in the control group (p < .03). There was a rise in the overall mean resting energy expenditure in the first two posttransplant weeks from 1487 +/- 338 to 1990 +/- 367 kcal (p = .0002). Viral infections occurred in 17.7% of control patients compared with 0% of TF patients (p = .05). Although other infections tended to occur more frequently in the control group vs the TF group (bacterial, 29.4% vs 14.3%; overall infections, 47.1% vs 21.4%), these differences were not statistically significant. Early posttransplant tube feeding did not influence hospitalization costs, hours on the ventilator, lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital, rehospitalizations, or rejection during the first 21 posttransplant days. CONCLUSIONS: Early posttransplant tube feeding was tolerated and promoted improvements in some outcomes and should be considered for all liver transplant patients.     

Practicum and internship training in program evaluation.

Survey results from 34 graduate programs indicate that there was a large amount of variability and ambiguity as to the role of field training in evaluation curricula. Diversity existed in the use of terminology, time commitment, and the amount and quality of supervision. There was some agreement concerning prerequisite course work and the type of settings viewed as suitable placements. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Investigations into sources of image instabilities

Time-dependent changes in image appearance were examined by repeatedly photographing samples of 30S ribosomal subunits and protamine in dark field CTEM. The 30S subunit retained its overall shape throughout the consecutive exposure series with only details changing from frame to frame. In some instances features which appeared early in the series dissappeared in a subsequent exposure but reappeared in later frames. Protamine was imaged haphazardly, appearing only once throughout the series. From a separate study of mass loss it was ruled out that the ejection of mass from the samples was significant; in one experiment a loss of 3.6% per 10⁶ electrons per Ų was measured. (Imaging doses are of the order of 10³ electrons per Ų.) A simulation of radiation damage which describes the deterioration of the structure in terms of a random walk problem demonstrates that a randomization of the atomic positions is the source of some of the image deterioration. From this simulation a curve is derived that predicts resolution as a function of dose. It demonstrates that secondary structure elements of proteins can be visualized before serious damage has occurred. Another cause of image instability invoked to explain at least the reversible changes in image appearance is the existence of beam-induced local charges fluctuating in both space and time and causing deflections in the trajectories of the incident electrons. It comprises a source of image noise in addition to that derived from electron statistics. Charging effects are also invoked to explain an artifact in the mass loss curves, the blurring of first exposures in the consecutive exposure series and other phenomena reported in the literature.     

Programming continuous-system simulation in PASCAL

A complete continuous-system simulation package written in PASCAL graphically exhibits the anatomy and requirements of simulation software in general, and also the very real advantages and disadvantages of programming in PASCAL. To combine PASCAL's neat program/data structures and useful compiler checks with efficient number-crunching, it may be best to call FORTRAN procedures from a PASCAL main program.     

Surface Engineering of CeO2 Catalysts: Differences Between Solid Solution Based and Interfacially Designed Ce1−xMxO2 and MO/CeO2 (M = Zn,Mn) in CO2 Hydrogenation Reaction

Catalysis Letters - Zn- and Mn-doped Cerium-oxide based catalyst textured as a solid solutional as well as interfacial form was compared in CO2 hydrogenation reaction to understand the role of...     

精密CNC增压器转子加工提供更大的动力

Whipple Superchargers 公司更先进的转子加工工艺使它的功率加法器变得更强大.1987 年,前车队队长兼车主 Art Whipple在California的Fresno创办了这家公司,主要为赛车、赛艇选手以及所有希望提高发动机性能的人们生产双螺杆增压器.作为几种不同类型的功率加法器中的一种,增压...     

Polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal voltage sensor

We present a novel electric-field and voltage sensor based on the electro-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid-crystals (PDLCs). In principle, the transmittance of PDLCs is a nonlinear function of the applied electrical field. To measure an AC field we superposed to it a known DC field. This allowed us to achieve linearization of the PDLC response and to measure transmittance changes independently of the light-intensity level variations. Validation experiments are presented.     

Error probability of m-ary fsk with a limiter-discriminator detector in satellite mobile channels

We derive formulae for the error probability of M-ary frequency shift keying with a limiter-discriminator detector in a satellite mobile channel, which includes as special cases the land mobile (Rayleigh) channel and the Gaussian channel. The received signal in this channel is composed of a specular signal, a diffuse signal and white Gaussian noise; hence the composite signal is fading with a Rician envelope. The error probability depends on the signal-to-noise ratio, the power ratio of the specular and diffuse components, the frequency deviation, the Doppler frequency, the maximum Doppler frequency, the time delay between diffuse and specular components, the autocorrelation of the diffuse component and the transfer function of the receive filter. Numerical results are presented as functions of the various parameters. Effects of the receive filter on the signal dependent components are neglected.