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排序方式: 共有292条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Isao Sugimoto Akira Kuchiki Hiroshi Nakagawa Kazunori Tohgo Shuji Kondo Itsuko Iwane Kouichi Takahashi 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》1980,6(2):137-160
Attempt was made to develop the solid dosage form of nifedipina which showed good absorption rate and total bioavailability. Nifedipine is a poorly water-saluble drug, whom bioavailability is low when administered orally in the crystalline form. Solutions of nifedipine were well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The dissolution rate of PVP-nifedipine coprecipitates exhibited rapid dissolution rate. X-ray diffraction data suggested the lack of crystallinity in the coprecipitate. The relation between the dissolution rates and average molecular weights of PVP was studied. Nifedipine in the copretipitate was chemically stable to heat and humidity, but the dissolution rate of nifedipine from the coprecipitate stored at 21° and 75% R.H. markedly decreased. X-ray diffraction data revealed that it might be due to the transformation of amorphous form of nifedipine to crystalline form under higher relative humidity. The gastrointestinal absorption of nifedipine in beagle dogs after oral administration of the coprecipitate was increased than that after oral adniniatration of the physical mixture. 相似文献
32.
Creep strength of magnesium-based alloys 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Maruyama Kouichi Suzuki Mayumi Sato Hiroyuki 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2002,33(13):875-882
The high-temperature creep resistance of magnesium alloys was discussed, with special reference to Mg-Al and Mg-Y alloys.
Mg-Al solid-solution alloys are superior to Al-Mg solid-solution alloys in terms of creep resistance. This is attributed to
the high internal stress typical of an hcp structure having only two independent basal slip systems. Although magnesium has
a smaller shear modulus than aluminum, the inherent creep resistance of Mg alloys is better than that of Al alloys. The creep
resistance of Mg alloys is improved substantially by the addition of Y. Solid-solution hardening is the principal mechanism
of the strengthening, but the details of the mechanism have not been elucidated yet. Forest dislocation hardening in concentrated
alloys and dynamic precipitation in a Mg-2.4 pct Y alloy also contribute to the strengthening. An addition of a very small
amount of Zn raises the dislocation density and significantly improves the creep resistance of Mg-Y alloys.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Defect Properties and Mechanical Behavior of HCP Metals
and Alloys” at the TMS Annual Meeting, February 11–15, 2001, in New Orleans, Louisiana, under the auspices of the following
ASM committees: Materials Science Critical Technology Sector, Structural Materials Division, Electronic, Magnetic & Photonic
Materials Division, Chemistry & Physics of Materials Committee, Joint Nuclear Materials Committee, and Titanium Committee. 相似文献
33.
Nakagawa K 《Lipids》2005,40(7):745-750
Small spin probes in the vesicle and aqueous phases of mixed membranes made from poly(oxyethylene) hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) and hexadecane were investigated by ESR (electron spin resonance) spectroscopy. Partitioning (partition coefficients), rotational correlation times, and activation energies of the spin probes in the vesicle phase were determined. The quantitative results obtained by an ESR simulation indicated that the spin probe DTBN (di-tert-butyl nitroxide), in the vesicle of the mixed membrane, was partitioned similar to that of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) at 50 degrees C, and the partitioning for both probes showed no abrupt change across the temperatures examined. The results differed considerably from conventional analyses of the high-field signal intensities. Activation energies obtained by the simulation for DTBN and TEMPO were 21 and 20 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition, the hyperfine values of 15.8 (DTBN) and 16.1 G (TEMPO) in the vesicle phase were consistent with the activation energies and supported the probe environments in the membrane. Thus, the present ESR results provided detailed information regarding the probe behavior in the membrane. 相似文献
34.
Sugimoto Shigetoki Minemura Kouichi Kobayashi Kohroh Seki Masafumi Shikada Minoru Ueki Atsufumi Yanase Tomoo Miki Tetsuya 《Electronics letters》1977,13(22):680-682
The letter reports results obtained with laboratory transmission experiments on high-speed digital signals by optical wavelength-division multiplexing, using a newly developed optical multiplexer and demultiplexer, as well as other high-performance optical devices and fibres. 相似文献
35.
Kotaka A Bando H Kaya M Kato-Murai M Kuroda K Sahara H Hata Y Kondo A Ueda M 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2008,105(6):622-627
Three beta-glucosidase- and two endoglucanase-encoding genes were cloned from Aspergillus oryzae, and their gene products were displayed on the cell surface of the sake yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae GRI-117-UK. GRI-117-UK/pUDB7 displaying beta-glucosidase AO090009000356 showed the highest activity against various substrates and efficiently produced ethanol from cellobiose. On the other hand, GRI-117-UK/pUDCB displaying endoglucanase AO090010000314 efficiently degraded barley beta-glucan to glucose and smaller cellooligosaccharides. GRI-117-UK/pUDB7CB codisplaying both beta-glucosidase AO090009000356 and endoglucanase AO090010000314 was constructed. When direct ethanol fermentation from 20 g/l barley beta-glucan as a model substrate was performed with the codisplaying strain, the ethanol concentration reached 7.94 g/l after 24 h of fermentation. The conversion ratio of ethanol from beta-glucan was 69.6% of the theoretical ethanol concentration produced from 20 g/l barley beta-glucan. These results showed that sake yeast displaying A. oryzae cellulolytic enzymes can be used to produce ethanol from cellulosic materials. Our constructs have higher ethanol production potential than the laboratory constructs previously reported. 相似文献
36.
Konishi T Akaki K Hatano K 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2008,49(4):266-271
A simple method was developed for the analysis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in human serum and urine using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Hyoscyamine and scopolamine in serum and urine were cleaned up with an Oasis HLB cartridge and a PSA cartridge. The LC separation was carried out on an ODS column, using linear gradient elution with 5 mmol/L IPCC-MS3-methanol as the mobile phase. The mass spectral acquisition was done in the positive ion mode by applying selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The recoveries of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were 86.0-105% from human serum and urine fortified at 0.2 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL. The detection limits of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were 0.02 ng/mL. Four serum and three urine samples of humans poisoned by eating Datura innoxia Mill. were analyzed by this method. Hyoscyamine and scopolamine were detected at the levels of 0.45-3.5 ng/mL in all serum samples and 170-670 ng/mL in all urine samples. 相似文献
37.
Kouichi Urata Shinji Yano Naotake Takaishi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(1):73-81
Aldohexose, such asd-glucose,d-galactose ord-mannose, reacted with acetone to give the following O-isopropylidene derivatives: 1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose (IA), 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-d-galactopyranose (IB) or 2,3;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannofuranose (IC). The O-isopropylidene derivative (IA~IC) reacted with alkyl/alkenyl halogenide to yield aldohexose ether compounds containing di-O-isopropylidene group, 3-O-alkyl-1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose (II), 6-O-alkyl-1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-d-galactopyranose (III) or 1-O-alkyl-2,3;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-mannofuranoside (IV), in good yields. The Williamson ether synthesis was carried out using phase-transfer catalysis (PTC). The derived aldohexose alkyl ether containing di-O-isopropylidene group was hydrolyzed to give 3-O-alkyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose (V) as a partial hydrolysis product; the complete hydrolysis of I~IV gave, as expected, 3-O-alkyl-glucopyranose (VI), 6-O-alkyl-galactopyranose (VII) or 1-O-alkyl-mannofuranoside (VIII). Further alkylation of (V) with Mel under PTC and subsequent acid hydrolysis gave 3-O-alkyl-5,6-di-O-methyl-d-glucofuranose (X). Methanolysis of III with catalytic amounts of H2SO4 gave 1-O-methyl-6-O-alkyl-d-galactofuranoside (XI). The elucidation of the galactofuranoside skeleton of (XI) was determined by means of its13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The O-alkyl aldohexoses, e.g., X and XI, were evaluated and found to be emulsifiers. 相似文献
38.
Masaaki Takehisa Sueo Machi Hiromasa Watanabe Takashi Ueno Seiichi Takahashi Ryoji Tsuchiya Kanji Otaguro Isao Motoda Yoshio Takasaka Kazukiyo Miyanaga Waichiro Kawakami Kouichi Yamaguchi Takanobu Sugo Hayato Nakajima Terutaka Watanabe Chuhei Hinachi 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1979,24(3):853-864
Radiation-induced bulk polymerization of ethylene was carried out with use of a pilot plant with a 10 liter reactor at pressures of 225–400 kg/cm2, temperatures of 30–95°C, ethylene feed rates of 5–28 kg/hr, and dose rate of 3.8 × 105 rad/hr. Characteristics of the process are mild polymerization conditions and capability of producing medium density polyethylene in powder form. The spacetime yield and molecular weight of polymer were in the range of 3.5 to 13.1 g/liter hr and 2.2 × 104 to 14 × 104, respectively. The space-time yield increased with mean residence time and 2.4 powders of pressure, and decreased with temperature. Molecular weight changed similarly with the reaction conditions. These results were consistent with those of the bench plant experiment and the scale effect was small. Polymer deposit to the reactor wall limited a period of continuous operation of the plant. The amount of deposited polymer was increased with the square of reaction time. The rate of polymer deposit was proportional to polymer concentration and to the cube of pressure. The polymer deposit cannot be solved in the bulk process. 相似文献
39.
Kouichi Harada Senji Shimanuki Tsuyoshi Kobayashi Yohachi Yamashita Shiroh Saitoh 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(1):145-149
A high-quality single crystal of Pb((Zn1/3 Nb2/3 )0.91 Ti0.09 )O3 (PZNT 91/9), 40 mm in diameter and 20 mm in length, was successfully grown using the solution Bridgman method with a slight excess amount of ZnO. High-quality wafers were sliced from the light-brown single crystal. No PbO inclusions or opaque areas were observed in the transparent wafers. An array probe for echocardiography was constructed with the single-crystal wafer, and its superior performance was demonstrated. 相似文献
40.
Lipids from natural sources consist mainly of saponifiable substances, such as glycerides, along with some unsaponifiable
lipids, some of which are ether lipids. Typical ether lipids are monoalkyl ethers of glycerin, also called alkyl/alkenyl glyceryl
ethers. Alkyl/alkenyl glyceryl ethers have also been reported in marine organisms and in human feces. Several chemical syntheses
of such ether lipids have been reported. Typical examples are alkyl glyceryl ether formation by the addition reaction of alkyl
glycidyl ether and the telomerization reaction of butadiene with glycerin and a transition metal catalyst. Characteristic
chemical structures, such as terpene alkyl glyceryl ethers, archaebacterial macrocyclic ether lipids, and glyceryl ethers
of condensed cyclic planar molecules, have been obtained as well. Over the past few decades, industry has shown much interest
in the chemistry and application of highly branched fatty acids. For example, isostearyl glyceryl ether (GE-IS) with methyl
branching in the middle chain was already known, but it is now prepared at an industrial scale by proprietary alkyl glycidyl
ether methods. The characteristic behavior of GE-IS toward water, such as formation of water-in-oil emulsions containing large
amounts of water and of liquid crystals, has made it applicable for use in hair and skin-care cosmetics. Based on these studies
and considerations, glyceryl ether lipids, which are rarely investigated, may become one of the most important and useful
lipids in the industry. 相似文献