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51.
We present a three-dimensional (3D) measurement and imaging based on a multicamera system. In the presented system, projected images of 3D objects are taken by cameras located at random positions on a circumference, and then the 3D objects can be reconstructed numerically. We introduce an angle correction function to improve the quality of the reconstructed object. The angle correction function can correct the angle error caused by the position errors in the projected images due to the finite pixel size of the image sensor. The numerical results show that the point source was reconstructed successfully by introducing the angle correction function. We also demonstrate experiments: the two objects are located on a rotary stage controlled by a computer, the projected images are taken by a single camera, and by using 33 projected images, the two objects are reconstructed successfully. 相似文献
52.
Tomoki Narita Tamio Iida Kouichi Mizuno Akihiro Kondo Takashi Itoh Yasuhito Tanaka 《Thin solid films》2008,516(5):810-813
The effects of nitrogen ion bombardment on TiO2 films prepared by the Cat-CVD method have been studied to improve the optical and electrical properties of the material for use in Si thin film solar cells. The refractive index n and the dark conductivity of the TiO2 film increased with irradiation time. The refractive index n of the TiO2 film was changed from 2.1 to 2.4 and the electrical conductivity was improved from 3.4 × 10− 2 to 1.2 × 10− 1 S/cm by the irradiation. These results are due to the formation of Ti-N bonds and oxygen vacancies in the film. 相似文献
53.
Tip-enhanced Rayleigh scattering images of Ge quantum dots grown on a Si substrate have been observed at room temperature. Changing the wavelength of the incidence light from 405 to 590 nm, the contrast of the images is reversed. It is found that the scattering intensity depends on the dielectric constants of the materials under the probe. By changing the wavelength of the incident light, we have obtained information about the dielectric constant dispersion of single Ge quantum dots. The spectral peak position of single Ge quantum dots is found to shift to higher energy, compared to that of bulk Ge. Tip-enhanced photoluminescence from an In0.25Ga0.75N film at room temperature has also been reported. The strong local enhancement of the photoluminescence of the localized excitons has been observed in the vicinity of a gold nano-particle attached to the end of the probe. A coupling to plasmons in the gold nano-particle yields strong enhancement of the photoluminescence. 相似文献
54.
Miki K Oride K Kimura A Kuramochi Y Matsuoka H Harada H Hiraoka M Ohe K 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,7(24):3536-3547
In this study, amphiphilic brush-like copolymers conjugated with short alkyl or long polymeric chains of various lengths are synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of substituted norbornadiene monomers followed by chemical transformations. These amphiphilic copolymers form spherical self-assemblies in aqueous media with diameters of 132-244 nm. The low critical aggregation concentration of these assemblies (2.5 × 10(-3) -1.4 × 10(-5) g/L) indicates that they are quite stable in dilute conditions. An appropriate length of polymer side chain that conjugates the polymer backbone with a hydrophobic ICG (indocyanine green) moiety enhanced the fluorescence intensities of these self-assemblies in aqueous solution as well as in tumor-bearing mice. A longer side chain conjugated with tumor targeting agents could significantly affect the tumor specificity of self-assemblies to a greater extent. The self-assemblies bearing hydrophilic tumor targeting agents, such as a glucosamine molecule and a cyclic RGD (arginine-glycine-asparatic acid) peptide, accumulated in tumor tissues with high selectivity, while those having a hydrophobic targeting agent, such as folate moieties, accumulated in tumor sites with low selectivity. The results demonstrated here unambiguously indicate that the fluorescence intensity and tumor specificity of self-assemblies are strongly affected by the length of side chains that conjugate with dyes and targeting agents. 相似文献
55.
Hassan Ghassemi Armaki Ruiping Chen Kouichi Maruyama Masaaki Igarashi 《Journal of Nuclear Materials》2011,416(3):273-279
There are two creep regions with different creep characteristics: short-term creep region “H”, where precipitates and subgrains are thermally stable, and long-term creep region “L”, where thermal coarsening of precipitates and subgrains appear. In region “H”, the normalized subgrain size (λ-λ0)/(λ∗-λ0) has a linear relation with creep strain and its slope is 10ε−1. But, region L is the time range in which the static recovery and the strain-induced recovery progress simultaneously. In this region, the static recovery accelerates the strain-induced recovery, and subgrain size is larger than that line which neglects the contribution of the static recovery. In region “L”, the Δλ/Δλ∗-strain present a linear relation with a slope 35ε−1. There is a linear relation between hardness and subgrain size. Hardness drop, H0 − H, as a function of Larson-Miller parameter can be a good measure method for assessment of hardness drop and consequently degradation of microstructure. Hardness drop shows an identical slope in creep region “H”, whereas hardness drop due to thermal aging and creep in region “L” show together a similar slope. In region “H”, degradation of microstructure is mainly due to recovery of subgrains controlled by creep plastic deformation, and precipitates do not have a major role. However, in creep region “L”, there are three degradation mechanisms that accelerate creep failure; (1) strain-induced recovery of subgrains due to creep plastic deformation, (2) static-recovery of subgrains and precipitates and (3) strain-induced coarsening of precipitates due to the appearance of static-recovery. 相似文献
56.
Beneficial Effects of Supplementation of the Rare Sugar “D‐allulose” Against Hepatic Steatosis and Severe Obesity in Lepob/Lepob Mice
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Kouichi Itoh Shodo Mizuno Sayuri Hama Wataru Oshima Miku Kawamata Akram Hossain Yasuhiro Ishihara Masaaki Tokuda 《Journal of food science》2015,80(7):H1619-H1626
A rare sugar, D‐allulose (also called D‐psicose), has recently been applied as a food supplement in view of controlling diabetes and obesity in Japan. D‐allulose has been proven to have unique effects against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in a number of studies using several species of rats and mice. However, the antiobesity effects of D‐allulose have not yet been assessed in Lepob/Lepob (ob/ob) mice. Therefore, this study explored the dietary supplemental effects of this sugar in leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice. Consequently, the subchronic ingestion of D‐allulose in ob/ob mice for 15 wk significantly decreased the body and liver weights, and the loss of body weight was involved in the reduction of the total fat mass, including abdominal visceral fat, and not fat‐free body mass, including muscle. Furthermore, D‐allulose improved hepatic steatosis, as evaluated using hepatic histological studies and MRI. In the normal mice, none of these parameters were influenced by the single or long‐term ingestion of D‐allulose. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of D‐allulose especially influences postprandial hyperglycemia and obesity‐related hepatic steatosis, without exercise therapy or dietary restriction. Therefore, D‐allulose may be useful as a supplement for preventing and improving obesity and obesity‐related disorders. 相似文献
57.
Hirotaka Tsuda Masahito Mori Yoshinori Takao Koji Eriguchi Kouichi Ono 《Thin solid films》2010,518(13):3475-3480
Formation mechanisms for profile anomalies such as surface roughness and residue have been investigated numerically and experimentally for Si etching in Cl2/O2 plasmas. The numerical simulation employed an atomic-scale cellular model (ASCeM) based on the Monte Carlo algorithm, which reproduced the feature profile evolution experimentally observed during etching at increased O2 concentrations. A comparison between simulation and experiment indicated that the local surface oxidation induces surface roughness at the bottom of the feature during etching; then, synergistic effects between surface oxidation and ion scattering in microstructural features on roughened surfaces increase the surface roughness, which in turn causes a number of significant residues or micropillars on bottom surfaces of the feature. In practice, in roughened microstructural features, geometrical shadowing effects for neutral oxygen suppress the surface oxidation at the local feature bottom, where the energetic ion incidence is increased owing to ion scattering on sidewalls of the local feature. 相似文献
58.
Asahiko Matsuda Yoshinori Nakakubo Yoshinori Takao Koji Eriguchi Kouichi Ono 《Thin solid films》2010,518(13):3481-3486
Structures and mechanism of ion-bombardment damage on silicon wafers exposed to plasma were investigated comprehensively. By using molecular dynamics simulations high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and composition analysis by high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, features such as gradual transition from the SiO2 surface to the Si substrate and interface roughness were addressed. On the basis of these findings, the optical model that addresses the characteristics of plasma-damaged Si surfaces is given for ellipsometric analysis. The proposed model includes an interface layer modeled as a mixture of SiO2 and Si phases. A part of the interface layer could not be removed by wet-etching, signifying the distinct features of the interface layer that are difficult to remove. The proposed model is anticipated to be practical for in-line monitoring of plasma-induced damage. 相似文献
59.
Mamiko Takayasu Kouichi Hirayama Homare Shimohata Masaki Kobayashi Akio Koyama 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(13)
Since 1995, when we reported the case of a patient with glomerulonephritis with IgA deposition that occurred after a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, many reports of MRSA infection-associated glomerulonephritis have accumulated. This disease is being systematized as Staphylococcus infection-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN) in light of the apparent cause of infection, and as immunoglobulin A-dominant deposition infection-related glomerulonephritis (IgA-IRGN) in light of its histopathology. This glomerulonephritis usually presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis or acute kidney injury with various degrees of proteinuria and microscopic hematuria along with an ongoing infection. Its renal pathology has shown several types of mesangial and/or endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with various degrees of crescent formation and tubulointerstitial nephritis. IgA, IgG, and C3 staining in the mesangium and along the glomerular capillary walls have been observed on immunofluorescence examinations. A marked activation of T cells, an increase in specific variable regions of the T-cell receptor β-chain-positive cells, hypercytokinemia, and increased polyclonal immune complexes have also been observed in this glomerulonephritis. In the development of this disease, staphylococcal enterotoxin may be involved as a superantigen, but further investigations are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this disease. Here, we review 336 cases of IgA-IRGN and 218 cases of SAGN. 相似文献
60.
Masanori Onozuka Yasushi Oda Kingo Azuma Kouji Satake Satoshi Kasai Kouichi Hasegawa 《Fusion Engineering and Design》1995,30(4):373-383
A railgun pellet injection system has been developed for fusion experimental devices. Using a low electric energy railgun system, hydrogen pellet acceleration tests have been conducted to investigate the application of the electromagnetic railgun system for high speed pellet injection into fusion plasmas. In the system, the pellet is pre-accelerated before railgun acceleration. A laser beam is used to induce plasma armature. The ignited plasma armature is accelerated by an electromagnetic force that accelerates the pellet. Under the same operational conditions, the energy conversion coefficient for the dummy pellets was around 0.4%, while that for the hydrogen pellets was around 0.12%. The highest hydrogen pellet velocity was 1.4 km s−1 using a 1 m long railgun. Based on the findings, it is estimated that the hydrogen pellet has the potential to be accelerated to 5 km s−1 using a 3 m long railgun. 相似文献