Prospects for silicon monolithic opto-electronics with polymerlight emitting diodes

We have fabricated a monolithically integrated photodetector and amplifier in silicon bipolar technology and organic polymer light emitting diodes (LED's) using both poly (p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and its soluble derivative poly (2-methoxy, 5-(2'-ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV). Based on the individual capabilities of the photo-receiver and LED, we have begun to evaluate the feasibility of monolithic integration of opto-electronics for silicon chip-to-chip communication using both PPV-LED's and Si photoreceivers on Si chips. LED's made from PPV and its soluble derivative such as MEH-PPV are thought to be process-compatible with Si IC technology. However, as an additional requirement, the polymer LED's must emit large enough power to be detected by the receiver with an acceptable bit-error-rate (BER)     

Inhibition of EGF and TGF-beta dependent transformation of NRK23 cells by Crk II-23 mutant]

This study explored adults' judgments of competent and dysfunctional children's behavioral adjustment based solely on children's physical appearance. Adults rated photographs of preschoolers (6 boys, 6 girls) who previously had been classified as socially competent or dysfunctional on the basis of independent, standardized teacher ratings. Participants, who were not given any information about the stimulus children, rated their photographs one at a time on measures of attractiveness, aggression, anxiety, social competence, and overall adjustment. Results indicated that dysfunctional children were easily distinguished from their competent peers. Specifically, dysfunctional children were rated as less attractive, more aggressive, more anxious, less socially competent, and more likely to have an emotional or behavioral problem than competent children. These findings (especially strong for aggressive boys), remained significant when group differences in attractiveness were statistically controlled. Implications for interpreting the current literature on attractiveness and for modification of childhood behavior disorders are discussed.     

Histogenetic stereological reconstruction of rat basophilic, clear, and oncocytic neoplastic renal cell lesions using carbonic anhydrase type II-PAS double-stained sections

The histogenesis of 3 types of rat renal cell tumors (basophilic cell, clear cell, and oncocytic) was stereologically analyzed, with particular attention paid to transitions from normal tubules. Early nitrosamine-induced preneoplastic lesions, including dysplastic tubules (altered tubules), epithelial hyperplasias, and small adenomas, were reconstructed using serially sectioned specimens processed for carbonic anhydrase type II (CA) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) (CA-PAS) double staining to allow easier distinction of the nephron segments: Proximal tubules had a PAS-positive brush border and were weakly positive for CA in the cytoplasm; distal tubules were PAS negative and weakly positive for CA; collecting ducts were PAS negative and strongly positive for CA. Similarly, cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx) and CytOx-PAS double staining was also applied to confirm the character of oncocytic lesions. All basophilic lesions (7 of 7) showed transition to proximal tubules. Clear cell lesions positive for CA, on the other hand, showed transition to distal tubules in 4 of 9 (44.4%) lesions and to collecting ducts in 4 of 9 (44.4%) lesions, but in only 1 of 9 (11%) to a proximal tubule. All oncocytic lesions (16 of 16), characterized by positivity for both CA and CytOx, showed transition to collecting ducts. The results indicate that the origins of renal cell neoplasia are proximal tubules for the basophilic cell lesions, either proximal or distal tubules for their clear cell counterparts, and collecting ducts for oncocytic lesions.     

An Automated Finite Polygon Division Method for 3-D Objects

The automatic generation of color-shading data for CAD/CAM objects can produce mass-property calculations in less time with fewer errors.     

Stromal vascularization in the endometrium during adenomyosis

In adenomyosis, the two major frequent symptoms are hypermenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The incidence of the former is said to be high, ranging from 36 to 70%. It has been found that vascular distribution of the endometrium in adenomyosis is diversely different from fertile patients without adenomyosis. For example, hysteroscopy revealed that approximately half of the patients have abnormal vascularization. In these patients, vascular distribution was generally irregular, and vessels were thick, dilated, and/or reticular in some patients. Moreover, morphometric analysis of the endometrium revealed that in the fertile women, the mean surface area, total surface area, and total number of capillaries, all increased significantly in the secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase. In contrast, the above parameters increased in the adenomyosis group in both the proliferative phase and secretory phase compared to the fertile women. In particular, the total surface area of capillaries per mm(2) markedly rose, by 11.6 times, compared to that of the proliferative phase in the fertile women. These findings suggest that regulatory factors involved in the vascular proliferation are diversely exaggerated, and that the abnormal vascularization of the endometrium is closely related with hypermenorrhea.     

Phase equilibria and phase transformation of Co−Ni−Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy system

Phase equilibria and martensitic and magnetic phase transformations of the β phase in the Co−Ni−Ga system have been investigated. It has been shown that the β phase is in equilibrium with the α-phase over a wide range compositions at 600–1100°C. The β phase exhibits both a paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition and a thermoelastic martensitic transition from B2 to L1₀ structure. The Curie temperature T _C increases with decreases with decreasing Ni content and with increasing Ga content. The composition region of the β phase exhibiting the thermoelatstic martensitic transformation from ferromagnetic austenite is located near the α+β two-phase region. T _C and M _s of α+β two-phase alloys increase with increasing annealing temperature. This paper was presented at the International Symposium on User Aspects of Phase Diagrams, Materials Solutions Conference and Exposition. Columbus, Ohio, 18–20 October, 2004.     

Thermodynamics for formation of each stable single phase in BSCCO thin films

High quality BSCCO thin films have been fabricated by means of an ion beam sputtering at various substrate temperatures, T_sub, and ozone gas pressures, PO₃. The correlation diagrams of the BSCCO phases appeared against T_sub and PO₃ are established in the 2212 and 2223 compositional films. In spite of 2212 compositional sputtering, Bi2201 and Bi2223 phases as well as Bi2212 one come out as stable phases depending on T_sub and PO₃. From these results, the thermodynamic evaluations of H and S, which are related with Gibbs' free energy change for single Bi2212 or Bi2223 phase, are performed.     

Read,write, touch: Co‐construction and multiliteracies in a third‐grade digital writing exercise

Many researchers and educators believe that reading and writing instruction needs to change in order to reflect the multimodal, technological, interactive nature of communication today. To date, few studies have examined how touchscreen devices may influence primary school students' reading and writing practices. Guided by Vygotsky's notion of co‐construction and aspects of the New London Group's multiliteracies framework, we built an original multimodal tablet tool and examined how 51 third graders in Costa Rica used it to co‐construct and design meaning in a reading‐to‐writing activity. The first aim of this study, therefore, is to understand how multimodality and technology can work together to support young people's reading and writing. Secondly, we asked how a specific interactive, touchscreen feature might positively contribute to third graders' writing samples. The key findings were that the tool used in this study encouraged a broad range of writing practices, that the touch feature supported co‐construction, and that the careful integration of touchscreen features can engage and motivate students in reading and writing activities.