全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1400篇 |
免费 | 85篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 32篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
化学工业 | 496篇 |
金属工艺 | 50篇 |
机械仪表 | 40篇 |
建筑科学 | 38篇 |
矿业工程 | 11篇 |
能源动力 | 41篇 |
轻工业 | 111篇 |
水利工程 | 3篇 |
石油天然气 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 118篇 |
一般工业技术 | 214篇 |
冶金工业 | 41篇 |
原子能技术 | 7篇 |
自动化技术 | 281篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 72篇 |
2021年 | 101篇 |
2020年 | 48篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 42篇 |
2017年 | 47篇 |
2016年 | 77篇 |
2015年 | 58篇 |
2014年 | 87篇 |
2013年 | 127篇 |
2012年 | 99篇 |
2011年 | 80篇 |
2010年 | 62篇 |
2009年 | 68篇 |
2008年 | 78篇 |
2007年 | 52篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 33篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 34篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1491条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
James A. Birrell Kathrin Wrede Krzysztof Pawlak Patricia Rodriguez-Maciá Olaf Rüdiger Edward J. Reijerse Wolfgang Lubitz 《Israel journal of chemistry》2016,56(9-10):852-863
Hydrogenases catalyze the reduction of protons and oxidation of molecular hydrogen with high turnover frequencies and low overpotentials under ambient conditions. The heterodimeric [FeFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans has an exceptionally high activity, and can be purified aerobically in an oxygen-stable inactive state. Recently, it was demonstrated that monomeric [FeFe] hydrogenases produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli can be artificially maturated by simply incubating the inactive “apo” enzymes with the synthetic [2Fe] cofactor mimic [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2−. Here, we use the same technique to produce the heterodimeric “apo” hydrogenase from D. desulfuricans in E. coli with a high yield and purity, and maturate the “apo” enzyme with [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2− to generate fully active “holo” enzyme. Interestingly, the rate of the artificial maturation process with D. desulfuricans is significantly slower than that for all other hydrogenases tested so far. The artificially maturated enzyme is spectroscopically and electrochemically identical to the native enzyme and shows high rates of hydrogen production (3700 s−1) and hydrogen oxidation (63,000 s−1). We expect that our highly efficient production method will facilitate future studies of this enzyme and other related [FeFe] hydrogenases from Desulfovibrio species. 相似文献
72.
73.
Modeling of the degradation kinetics of biodegradable scaffolds: The effects of the environmental conditions 下载免费PDF全文
The rate of hydrolytic degradation of tissue‐engineered scaffolds made from bioresorbable polyesters is dependent on several factors. Some are related to the properties of the degrading polymeric material, but others are related to the geometry of the porous structure and the operating environment. It is well known that the rate of hydrolytic degradation of a given object, porous or nonporous, is lower when it is exposed to dynamic conditions, a flowing medium, than when it operates in static conditions. The most likely reason is the more efficient removal of the acidic degradation products from the vicinity of the polymeric material when it is operating in a flowing medium. In this article, we present a new phenomenological reaction–diffusion model of aliphatic polymer degradation. The model can be used to predict the significance of various factors in in vitro degradation tests, with particular reference to the flow of the degradation medium, and the frequency of medium replacement in the case of static conditions. The developed model was used to simulate the degradation of poly(dl ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds with different porosities subjected to static and dynamic testing conditions. The results confirm that the porosity of the scaffold had a significant influence on the degradation rate. It was shown that the combination of dynamic conditions and high porosity effectively reduced the mass loss and molecular weight loss of the degrading polymer. However, the effect of changes in the velocity of the flowing medium had a negligible effect on the rate of degradation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40280. 相似文献
74.
Hongkun He Saadyah Averick Elliot Roth David Luebke Hunaid Nulwala Krzysztof Matyjaszewski 《Polymer》2014
Covalent attachment of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) by click chemistry on glass or silicon (Si) surfaces was performed. Poly[1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] (polyVBBI+Tf2N−), and copolymers of polyVBBI+Tf2N− with fluorescein O-methacrylate were synthesized by conducting an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from initiators containing azide or thioacetate groups. The azide- and thiol-terminated PILs were then successfully grafted onto alkyne and alkene modified glass/Si wafers by thermal azide–alkyne cycloaddition and photoinitiated thiol-ene click reactions, respectively. The modified surfaces were characterized by contact angle measurements and ellipsometry. The fluorescent PIL functionalized surfaces showed strong fluorescence under UV irradiation. This procedure of tethering PILs to substrates also provides an easy way to change the surface hydrophilicity by replacing the anions in the grafted PILs. The present approach could be readily applied for surface modifications with other types of PILs or their copolymers to achieve different functionalities on various surfaces. 相似文献
75.
Krzysztof amoj Dariusz Wyrzykowski Lech Chmurzyski 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(1)
Due to the fact that surfactant molecules are known to alter the structure (and consequently the function) of a protein, protein–surfactant interactions are very important in the biological, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Although there are numerous studies on the interactions of albumins with surfactants, the investigations are often performed at fixed environmental conditions and limited to separate surface-active agents and consequently do not present an appropriate comparison between their different types and structures. In the present paper, the interactions between selected cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants, namely hexadecylpyridinium chloride (CPC), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate, monopalmitate, and monooleate (TWEEN 20, TWEEN 40, and TWEEN 80, respectively) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied qualitatively and quantitatively in an aqueous solution (10 mM cacodylate buffer; pH 5.0 and 7.0) by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy supported by UV spectrophotometry and CD spectroscopy. Since in the case of all studied systems, the fluorescence intensity of BSA decreased regularly and significantly under the action of the surfactants added, the fluorescence quenching mechanism was analyzed thoroughly with the use of the Stern–Volmer equation (and its modification) and attributed to the formation of BSA–surfactant complexes. The binding efficiency and mode of interactions were evaluated among others by the determination, comparison, and discussion of the values of binding (association) constants of the newly formed complexes and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, ΔS). Furthermore, the influence of the structure of the chosen surfactants (charge of hydrophilic head and length of hydrophobic chain) as well as different environmental conditions (pH, temperature) on the binding mode and the strength of the interaction has been investigated and elucidated. 相似文献
76.
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a staple technique for the preparation of polymers with well-defined architecture. In ATRP, the catalyst governs the equilibrium between propagating radicals and dormant species, thus affecting the polymerization control for a range of monomers and transferable atoms employed in the process. The design and the use of highly active catalysts could diminish the amount of transition metal complexes, extend ATRP to less active monomers and give access to new chain-end functionalities. At the same time, very active catalysts can be involved in formation of organometallic species. Herein, the role of the catalyst on the ATRP equilibrium is carefully elucidated, together with recent observations on the impact of the catalyst nature on formation of organometallic species and relevant side reactions. Based on this knowledge, a perspective on the benefits and challenges that derive from the use of highly active ATRP catalysts is presented. 相似文献
77.
Joanna Bogusiewicz Bogumia Kupcewicz Paulina Zofia Goryska Karol Jaroch Krzysztof Goryski Marcin Birski Jacek Furtak Dariusz Paczkowski Marek Harat Barbara Bojko 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(7)
The development of a fast and accurate intraoperative method that enables the differentiation and stratification of cancerous lesions is still a challenging problem in laboratory medicine. Therefore, it is important to find and optimize a simple and effective analytical method of enabling the selection of distinctive metabolites. This study aims to assess the usefulness of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probes as a sampling method for the lipidomic analysis of brain tumors. To this end, SPME was applied to sample brain tumors immediately after excision, followed by lipidomic analysis via liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results showed that long fibers were a good option for extracting analytes from an entire lesion to obtain an average lipidomic profile. Moreover, significant differences between tumors of different histological origin were observed. In-depth investigation of the glioma samples revealed that malignancy grade and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status impact the lipidomic composition of the tumor, whereas 1p/19q co-deletion did not appear to alter the lipid profile. This first on-site lipidomic analysis of intact tumors proved that chemical biopsy with SPME is a promising tool for the simple and fast extraction of lipid markers in neurooncology. 相似文献
78.
79.
Karolina Juszczak Anna Kubicka Radosaw Kitel Grzegorz Dzido Magdalena abieniec-Wataa Serafin Zawadzki Agnieszka Marczak Krzysztof Walczak Karolina Matczak Mateusz D. Tomczyk 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
Hexokinase 2 (HK2), an enzyme of the sugar kinase family, plays a dual role in glucose metabolism and mediating cancer cell apoptosis, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. While positive HK2 expression usually promotes cancer cells survival, silencing or inhibiting this enzyme has been found to improve the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs and even result in cancer cell death. Previously, benitrobenrazide (BNBZ) was characterized as a potent HK2 inhibitor with good anti-cancer activity in mice, but the effect of its trihydroxy moiety (pyrogallol-like) on inhibitory activity and some cellular functions has not been fully understood. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to obtain the parent BNBZ (2a) and its three dihydroxy derivatives 2b–2d and to conduct additional physicochemical and biological investigations. The research hypothesis assumed that the HK2 inhibitory activity of the tested compounds depends on the number and location of hydroxyl groups in their chemical structure. Among many studies, the binding affinity to HK2 was determined and two human liver cancer cell lines, HepG2 and HUH7, were used and exposed to chemicals at various times: 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The study showed that the modifications to the structures of the new BNBZ derivatives led to significant changes in their activities. It was also found that these compounds tend to aggregate and exhibit toxic effects. They were found to contribute to: (a) DNA damage, (b) increased ROS production, and (c) disruption of cell cycle progression. It was observed that, HepG2, occurred much more sensitive to the tested chemicals than the HUH7 cells; However, regardless of the used cell line it seems that the increase in the expression of HK2 in cancer cells compared to normal cells which have HK2 at a very low level, is a serious obstacle in anti-cancer therapy and efforts to find the effective inhibitors of this enzyme should be intensified. 相似文献
80.