有机硅/聚氨酯共聚物的制备研究与应用

有机硅改性聚氨酯结合了聚氨酯材料及有机硅材料的优异性能,具有广泛的应用前景.共聚法是制备有机硅改性聚氨酯的最佳方法.本文综述了有机硅/聚氨酯共聚物的制备方法,对其相关应用进行了介绍,并对这类材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

舰艇水下腐蚀静电场计算及影响因素仿真分析

为了进一步分析影响舰船电场的不同因素,提高舰艇水下静电场仿真分析中电偶极子建模方法的准确性,研究产生舰艇水下腐蚀静电场的腐蚀电化学原理和特性,从腐蚀电流密度的角度推导船体-螺旋桨电偶腐蚀电流表达式,并利用镜像法求解出了空气海水二层模型下水平和垂直电偶极子电场解析式。建立基于舰艇腐蚀电流电偶极子的电场解析模型,在此基础上利用数值仿真对一中型舰艇水下50 m测线上的电场进行分析。结果表明:在设定变化范围内,船体腐蚀电位、螺旋桨腐蚀电位、船体浸水面积、螺旋桨浸水面积、海水温度、海水电导率对舰艇水下腐蚀静电场的影响程度分别约为29%、23%、53%、82%、30%和67%。仿真结果和电场解析模型可以为进一步研究舰艇水下腐蚀静电场特征及防护方法提供有力的理论支撑。     

Effects of clearance flow on the characteristics of centrifugal pump under low flow rate

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the shear stress transport k-w turbulence model are employed to simulate the centrifugal pump with...     

入射光椭圆度对晶体微粒旋转角速度的影响

光致旋转技术在微机械和微生物等领域的应用越来越广泛。利用光束自旋角动量可以导致晶体微粒光致旋转的机理,从理论上分析了入射光椭圆度对晶体微粒旋转角速度的影响。通过MATLAB对不同激光功率下,光束的椭圆度与晶体微粒旋转角速度的关系进行数值模拟。结果表明:在实际对晶体微粒光致旋转操作中,晶体微粒能否旋转起来取决于光束椭圆度与微粒厚度之间的关系;在同一激光功率下,光束椭圆度与晶体微粒旋转角速度呈正旋曲线变化。因此,通过调节光束的椭圆度和较高的激光功率可以提高晶体微粒的旋转角速度。该结论对光驱动微机械马达的优化设计有一定的指导意义。     

Moisture Sensitive Smart Yarns and Textiles from Self‐Balanced Silk Fiber Muscles

Smart textiles that sense, interact, and adapt to environmental stimuli have provided exciting new opportunities for a variety of applications. However, current advances have largely remained at the research stage due to the high cost, complexity of manufacturing, and uncomfortableness of environment‐sensitive materials. In contrast, natural textile materials are more attractive for smart textiles due to their merits in terms of low cost and comfortability. Here, water fog and humidity‐driven torsional and tensile actuation of thermally set twisted, coiled, plied silk fibers, and weave textiles from these silk fibers are reported. When exposed to water fog, the torsional silk fiber provides a fully reversible torsional stroke of 547° mm^?1. Coiled‐and‐thermoset silk yarns provide a 70% contraction when the relative humidity is changed from 20% to 80%. Such an excellent actuation behavior originates from water absorption‐induced loss of hydrogen bonds within the silk proteins and the associated structural transformation, which are corroborated by atomistic and macroscopic characterization of silk and molecular dynamics simulations. With its large abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and comfortability for wearing, the silk muscles will open up additional possibilities in industrial applications, such as smart textiles and soft robotics.     

Nanostructured Metal Chalcogenides for Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis

Energy storage and conversion technologies are vital to the efficient utilization of sustainable renewable energy sources. Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and the emerging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as two of the most promising energy storage devices, and electrocatalysis processes play critical roles in energy conversion techniques that achieve mutual transformation between renewable electricity and chemical energies. It has been demonstrated that nanostructured metal chalcogenides including metal sulfides and metal selenides show great potential for efficient energy storage and conversion due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this feature article, the recent research progress on nanostructured metal sulfides and metal selenides for application in SIBs/LIBs and hydrogen/oxygen electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction) is summarized and discussed. The corresponding electrochemical mechanisms, critical issues, and effective strategies towards performance improvement are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives for the future development of metal chalcogenides in the energy research field are proposed.     

SOI CMOS器件研究

利用0.35μm工艺条件实现了性能优良的小尺寸全耗尽的器件硅绝缘体技术(SOI)互补金属氧化物半导体(FD SOI CMOS)器件,器件制作采用双多晶硅栅工艺、低掺杂浓度源/漏(LDD)结构以及突起的源漏区。这种结构的器件防止漏的击穿,减小短沟道效应(SCE)和漏感应势垒降低效应(DIBL);突起的源漏区增加了源漏区的厚度并减小源漏区的串联电阻,增强了器件的电流驱动能力。设计了101级环形振荡器电路,并对该电路进行测试与分析。根据在3V工作电压下环形振荡器电路的振荡波形图,计算出其单级门延迟时间为45ps,远小于体硅CMOS的单级门延迟时间。     

超薄型金属氧化物／搪瓷复合辐射涂层蓄电池加热装置

为了解决战斗车辆在冬季使用中由于气温太低而造成蓄电池输出容量下降和充电困难问题,我们研制了一种超薄型红外线加温装置。该装置采用金属氧化物搪瓷复合涂料作为辐射层,具有发射率高、电一热转换效率高、抗腐蚀、不易脱落等特点。该加热装置体积小,重量轻,坚固实用,经3个冬季实车试验,效果令人满意。     

广州亚运期间对流层NO2和SO2地基多轴差分吸收光谱仪测量研究

亚运期间利用多轴差分吸收光谱仪（MAX-DOAS）对广州市的大气污染物进行了实时监测,分别对重要大气常规污染物NO₂和SO₂的日变化特征进行了探讨和分析,并通过结合气象条件和周围的重要污染源综合监测结果分析研究了广州市周围的区域污染输送,结果发现位于市东南部的工业区对于市区的污染存在较大的影响,其中以SO₂尤为明显。分析NO₂廓线结果表明,污染物主要位于1 km以下,高污染层主要位于0.5 km以下。     

省级电网分层分区有功实时调度模型与方法

现代电网规模大、功率流动性强,保证有功频率的可控性和控制策略的可解释性是实时调度系统的关键特征。文中提出了一种分层分区的有功实时调度方法,并在现场得到了实际应用。该方法通过控制断面和500 kV联络变压器的功率,实现分区分层平衡。针对实际运行的复杂性,提出了正常情况下和系统不可行时的2种优化模型。在正常情况下,该模型可以充分跟踪各断面的计划;而当系统出现无可行解等异常情况时,则可以给出风险最小的替代控制策略。