Spin doping of individual molecules by using single-atom manipulation

Being able to control the spin of magnetic molecules at the single-molecule level will make it possible to develop new spin-based nanotechnologies. Gate-field effects and electron and photon excitations have been used to achieve spin switching in molecules. Here, we show that atomic doping of molecules can be used to change the molecular spin. Furthermore, a scanning tunneling microscope was used to place or remove the atomic dopant on the molecule, allowing us to change the molecular spin in a controlled way. Bis(phthalocyaninato)yttrium (YPc(2)) molecules deposited on an Au (111) surface keep their spin-1/2 magnetic moment due to the small molecule-substrate interaction. However, when Cs atoms were carefully placed onto YPc(2) molecules, the spin of the molecule vanished as shown by our conductance measurements and corroborated by the results of density functional theory calculations.     

Banded structure and its distribution in friction stir processing of 316L austenitic stainless steel

Banded structures, which vary with welding parameters, were observed in friction stir processing of 316L austenite stainless steel. Sigma phase precipitation was detected in banded structures by transmission electron microscopy. The amount of banded structure had direct ratio relations with heat input. The higher the heat input, the larger the area of banded structures. This is attributable to slower cooling rate at high heat input, which results in longer exposure to the temperature range for precipitation. The formation of sigma phase produced Cr depletion, which resulted in largely degraded corrosion resistance. The present study suggests that low heat input (i.e. low rotation speeds, low working loads and high welding speed) contributes to restrain sigma phase precipitation.     

Lipoglycoprotein of Gelatin

Abstract

Solvent extracts were compared with the parent gelatins by means of TLC and HPLC. The photographic effects of the various protein fractions are discussed.     

JSFR key technology evaluation on fuel handling system

A simplified fuel handling system design for the demonstration Japan sodium-cooled fast reactor (JSFR) has been proposed. Fast Reactor Cycle Technology Development project phase I results of key technology evaluations on a pantograph fuel handling machine (FHM), a fuel transfer pot with two core component positions, dry spent fuel cleaning and minor actinide-bearing fresh fuel shipping cask are summarized. A full-scale FHM mockup has been fabricated and tested in the air accumulating performance and seismic tolerance data. A mockup fuel transfer pot with fins and chromium carbide coating has been fabricated and tested with sodium accumulating heat transfer performance data. Several sodium cleaning tests using a dummy subassembly has been conducted accumulating cleaning performance data. For fresh fuel shipping cask, a design tool for evaluation of heat transfer capability has been developed and a helium gas cask shows cooling capability of minor actinide-bearing fresh fuel. Those experimental and analytical efforts have shown that key technologies to develop simplified fuel handling system are matured enough to proceed large-scale sodium experiments and conceptual design study for the demonstration JSFR.     

Weakly nonlinear analysis of two dimensional sheared granular flow

Weakly nonlinear analysis of a two dimensional sheared granular flow is carried out under the Lees-Edwards boundary condition. We derive the time dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation of a disturbance amplitude starting from a set of granular hydrodynamic equations and discuss the bifurcation of the steady amplitude in the hydrodynamic limit.     

Volume of a liquid drop detaching from a sphere

A theoretical and experimental study is conducted to investigate the detached volume from a pendant drop on the surface of a sphere. Observation of drop detachment by high‐speed video camera reveals that the movement of the upper part of the neck of the drop is quite slow compared to that of the detaching lower part. The surface profile of the upper part was calculated approximately as a static problem using the axisymmetric Laplace equation. Using the drop profile, the system energy, including the work done by the solid–liquid wetting behavior, was calculated. Based on the condition of minimum energy, the volume of the detached part V was calculated. The volume V increases with the sphere diameter and approaches the value for the pendant drop attached to a plate. In addition, V is strongly dependent on the wettability between the sphere and the liquid and decreases with the receding contact angle. The detached volume of the water drop was measured for spheres of porous brick of various diameters. The experimental and theoretical results were found to be in good agreement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20305     

Electrical resistivity and thermopower of (La1−xSrx)MnO3 and (La1−xSrx)CoO3 at elevated temperatures

Electrical resistivity and Seebeck (S) measurements were performed on (La_1−xSr_x)MnO₃ (0.02x0.50) and (La_1−xSr_x)CoO₃ (0x0.15) in air up to 1073 K. (La_1−xSr_x)MnO₃ (x0.35) showed a metal-to-semiconductor transition; the transition temperature almost linearly increased from 250 to 390 K with increasing Sr content. The semiconductor phase above the transition temperature showed negative values of S. (La_1−xSr_x)CoO₃ (0x0.10) showed a semiconductor-to-metal transition at 500 K. Dominant carriers were holes for the samples of x0.02 above room temperature. LaCoO₃ showed large negative values of S below ca. 400 K, indicative of the electron conduction in the semiconductor phase.     

The Effects of Conventional Stabilizers and Phenol Compounds Used as Antioxidants on the Stabilization of Nitrocellulose

The thermal behavior of nitrocellulose (NC) containing diphenylamine (DPA), 2‐nitrodiphenylamine (2‐NO₂‐DPA), N‐nitrosodiphenylamine (N‐NO‐DPA), ethyl centralite (EC), akardite II (AKII), 1,1,3‐tri‐(2‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐tert‐butyl‐phenyl)‐butane (BP_less), 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐propionic acid octadecyl ester (BP_hin), and 3‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐phenyl)‐propionic acid 2‐(9‐{2‐[3‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐phenyl)‐propionyloxy]‐1,1‐dimethyl‐ethyl}‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐spiro [5.5] undec‐3‐yl)‐2‐methyl‐propyl ester (BP_semi) was observed during isothermal storage at 393 K using a C80 microcalorimeter. The results indicate that each stabilizer decreased NC's maximum heat release rate and increased the induction period of heat release. We also observed that the maximum heat release rate and the induction period were dependent on the amount of stabilizer. DPA decreased the maximum heat release rate to the greatest extent, with the other stabilizers having similar effects on the decrease of maximum heat release rate. AKII prolonged the induction period of heat release most. The order of prolongation of the induction period was AKII>2‐NO₂‐DPA≈DPA>N‐NO‐DPA≈EC>BP_less≈BP_semi≈BP_hin.     

Long-term stone recurrence rate after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

PURPOSE: We followed patients who were stone-free after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to investigate the factors that contributed to recurrent calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For longer than 5 years 903 patients without residual fragments 3 months after ESWL were enrolled in this study. Plain abdominal films and/or excretory urograms were evaluated every 6 months for recurrent stones on the side of ESWL. Patients who presented with colic pain or other complaints and who were suspected of having recurrent stones were also examined. Stone recurrence rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. We assessed the influence of patient age; size, location, composition and configuration of the original stones, and pyuria after ESWL on stone recurrence. RESULTS: Mean followup was 25 months and stones recurred in 183 of 903 renal units (20.3%). Kaplan-Meier recurrence rates were 6.7, 28.0 and 41.8% after 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. There was a significant correlation between stone recurrence and multiple stones on one hand, and pyuria after ESWL on the other hand. Stones recurred most frequently in the lower calix. Recurrent stones were passed without intervention in 33 cases, while ESWL was repeated in 53. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the importance of long-term followup and the search for an effective prophylactic therapy to prevent recurrence.