Correction to: Synthesis of Co3O4 @ Organo/Polymeric Bentonite Structures as Environmental Photocatalysts and Antibacterial Agents for Enhanced Removal of Methyl Parathion and Pathogenic Bacteria

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials -     

Palyno‐morphological characteristics of gymnosperm flora of pakistan and its taxonomic implications with LM and SEM methods

The present study is intended to assess gymnosperms pollen flora of Pakistan using Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for its taxonomic significance in identification of gymnosperms. Pollens of 35 gymnosperm species (12 genera and five families) were collected from its various distributional sites of gymnosperms in Pakistan. LM and SEM were used to investigate different palyno‐morphological characteristics. Five pollen types (i.e., Inaperturate, Monolete, Monoporate, Vesiculate‐bisaccate and Polyplicate) were observed. Six In equatorial view seven types of pollens were observed, in which ten species were sub‐angular, nine species were Traingular, six species were Perprolate, three species were Rhomboidal, three species were semi‐angular, two species were rectangular and two species were prolate. While five types of pollen were observed in polar view, in which ten species were Spheroidal, nine species were Angular, eight were Interlobate, six species were Circular, two species were Elliptic. Eighteen species has rugulate and 17 species has faveolate ornamentation. Eighteen species has verrucate and 17 have gemmate type sculpturing. The data was analysed through cluster analysis. The study showed that these palyno‐morphological features have significance value in classification and identification of gymnosperms. Based on these different palyno‐morphological features, a taxonomic key was proposed for the accurate and fast identifications of gymnosperms from Pakistan.     

高非线性光子晶体光纤中布拉格光栅的制作

采用相位掩模版法实验研究了高非线性掺锗光子晶体光纤中布拉格光栅的制作。实验中采用的光子晶体光纤的非线性系数约为12 W^－1km^－1,模场直径约为2.4 mm。 分析了布拉格光栅的反射率随着曝光脉冲数的变化,随着曝光脉冲数的增加其反射率逐渐达到饱和,继续增加曝光量发射率开始下降。实验验证了可以在高非线性光子晶体中写入布拉格光栅,得到光栅的反射率为44.4%,这对于研究光纤布拉格光栅的非线性效应和应用具有重要意义。讨论了影响布拉格光栅写入效率的因素。     

A comparative study of integral parameters for TRX and BAPL benchmark lattices of thermal reactors using the cross-section library generated from JENDL and JEF evaluated data files

The objective of this paper is to present the results of comparative study of integral parameters for TRX and BAPL benchmark lattices of thermal reactors. The nuclear data processing code NJOY'99 was deployed for the generation of the 69-group cross-section library from the basic evaluated nuclear data files JENDL-3.2 and JEF-2.2. TRX and BAPL benchmark lattices were modeled with optimized inputs, which were suggested in the final report of the WIMS Library Update Project Stage-I. The inputs were the results of a detailed parametric study of the WIMS input options and also optimized for accuracy. The integral parameters (such as k_eff, ρ²⁸, δ²⁵, δ²⁸, C¹) of five uranium-fuel thermal assemblies: TRX-1 and TRX-2 and BAPL-1, BAPL-2, and BAPL-3 were calculated with the help of WIMSD-5B code based on the generated 69-group cross-section library. The calculated results are compared with those of experiments and it is found that the obtained results between the two libraries are in good agreement with each other. Besides, the calculated integral parameters are also well consistent with the measured values, which reflect the validation of the generated 69-group cross-section library and this library thus obtained is necessary to meet up the nuclear data for neutronics calculation of TRIGA Mark-II research reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.     

Electrically Enhanced Boron Removal from Silicon Using Slag

An approach to enhance silicon refining using slag has been developed. The enhancement of the process was carried out by applying electrical potential difference across the slag and the silicon phase. This resulted in a shift in the apparent equilibrium in favor of higher partition ratio for the impurities. The application of electrical potential difference also enhanced the mass transfer rate increasing the overall kinetics of the process. This has been demonstrated in laboratory experimentations for the removal of boron from silicon-boron melts using slag. A CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ slag was reacted with Si-B melt at 1823 K (1550 °C). Electrical potential differences were applied through graphite rods immersed in each of the liquid phase. The results showed that the apparent B-partition ratio and the apparent slag mass transfer coefficient were increased by a factor of 1.2 and 1.4, respectively, when a potential difference of 3 V was applied to the phases. The technique has the potential to be used for improving the existing slag refining process by increasing the overall kinetics and the slag capacity to absorb the impurities.     

Facile Suzuki coupling over ortho-metalated palladium(II) complex anchored on 2D-hexagonal mesoporous organosilica

Phenyl functionalized 2D-hexagonal mesoporous silica material has been synthesized by cationic/non-ionic mixed surfactant templating route. The phenyl group of this mesoporous material is further functionalized via nitration and then reduction of that nitro group to amino functionality, followed by Schiff base condensation and heterogenization of a palladium(II) complex, yielded an ortho-metalated palladium(II) complex anchored in a ordered mesoporous silica matrix. This supported metal complex acts as an efficient catalyst in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and shows high selectivity for the bi-aryl products.     

Acceleration and heating of powder particle by gas detonation products in channels with a conical passage

The results of numerical modeling and experimental realization of the impact of a chemically reacting gas flow on powder particles during profiling (diameter increase while maintaining volume) of the barrel combustion chamber of a unit for detonation spraying are given. The passage from the combustion chamber into the barrel muzzle is made using connecting taper sleeves with a small narrowing angle. It is shown that such profiling can significantly reduce the barrel size without compromising the technological capabilities of the detonation unit.     

The enhanced photocatalytic activity of Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 co‐loaded with silver and platinum

Noble metals Ag and Pt were loaded on Na_0.9Mg_0.45Ti_3.55O₈ (NMTO) by chemical bath deposition method, which was synthesized firstly in our recent work. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results show that Ag and Pt nanoparticles were distributed on the different surfaces of NMTO. NMTO loaded with Ag and Pt can efficiently enhance the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, exhibiting much higher photodegradative ability for methylene blue and rhodamine B than the pure NMTO. The best weight concentrations of Ag and Pt are 9.00% and 3.70%, respectively. The electrostatic field is built in the Schottky barrier between NMTO and noble metals, leading to the energy band bending. Then, photogenerated electrons and holes are efficiently separated to enhance the photocatalytic activity.