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41.
A Simulation Framework for Heterogeneous Agents 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David Meyer Alexandros Karatzoglou Friedrich Leisch Christian Buchta Kurt Hornik 《Computational Economics》2003,22(2-3):285-301
We introduce a generic simulation framework suitable for agent-based simulations featuring the support of heterogeneous agents, hierarchical scheduling, and flexible specification of design parameters. One key aspect of this framework is the design specification: we use a format based on the Extendible Markup Language (XML) that is simple-structured yet still enables the design of flexible models. Another issue in agent-based simulations, especially when ready-made components are used, is the heterogeneity arising from both the agents' implementations and the underlying platforms. To tackle such obstacles, we introduce a wrapper technique for mapping the functionality of agents living in an interpreter-based environment to a standardized JAVA interface, thus facilitating the task for any control mechanism (like a simulation manager) because it has to handle only one set of commands for all agents involved. Again, this mapping is made by an XML-based definition format. We demonstrate the technique by applying it to a simple sample simulation of two mass marketing firms operating in an artificial consumer environment. 相似文献
42.
Simulation of thermally induced package effects with regard to piezoresistive pressure sensors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Frank Schilling Werner Langheinrich Kurt Weiblen Dieter Arand 《Sensors and actuators. A, Physical》1997,60(1-3):37-39
Microsystems are on their way out of laboratories into production. One of these microsystems, a piezoresistive pressure sensor developed by Robert Bosch GmbH, is examined within this paper. Obviously, one can detect undesirable temperature effects resulting from the sensor package, which influence the electrical characteristics of the sensor. By means of finite-element modelling (FEM), a simulation of the temperature effects can be managed. It is also possible to search for alternative designs of the sensor package. 相似文献
43.
Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the pelvis in patients with erectile impotence
Michael K. Stehling Libin Liu Gerhard Laub Kurt Fleischmann Ulrike Rohde 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1997,5(3):247-254
This study evaluted the potential of contrast-enhanced digital-subtraction magnetic resonance angiography (CE-DS-MRA) for
noninvasive angiographic delineation of the arterial supply of the penis in patients with erectile dysfunction. After induction
of an erection with prostaglandin E, a three-dimensional fast imaging with steady-state precision (FISP) sequence with TE
of 1.8–2 milliseconds, TR of 4.4–5 milliseconds, and flip angle of 40°–60° was used to obtain high-resolution angiograms of
the pelvis and penis during the injection of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) 0.3 mmol/kg body weight,
within 30–50 seconds. DS maximum intensity projections (MIPs) and multiplanar reconstructions (MPRs) were compared with clinical
work-up and directional Doppler ultrasound in 11 patients. In all 11 patients (100%), the arterial supply of the penis could
be delineated from the aortic bifurcation via the iliac and internal pudendal arteries to the dorsal and deep penile arteries.
Of the 22 internal pudendal arteries, 6 (27%) were occluded on CE-DS-MRA and 5 (23%) had stenoses, of which 4 (18%) were greater
than 50%. In 7 patients (64%) good correlation between CE-DS-MRA and clinical findings and/or Doppler ultrasound was found;
in 2 patients (18%), the correlation was moderate, and in 2 patients (18%) results were discrepant. In 6 patients (55%), MRA
provided additional information to the clinical and Doppler ultrasound work-up. CE-DS-MRA can delineate small sessels such
as the internal pudendal and penile arteries and thus has the potential to become a noninvasive angiography method in the
work-up of erectile impotence.
Supported by Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen; Schering AG, Berlin; and Agfa-Gevaert AG, Leverkusen. 相似文献
44.
45.
Eric N. Hanson I.-Cheng Chen Roxana Dastur Kurt Engel Vijay Ramaswamy Wendy Tan Chun Xu 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》1998,7(1):12-24
A software architecture is presented that allows client application programs to interact with a DBMS server in a flexible
and powerful way, using either direct, volatile messages, or messages sent via recoverable queues. Normal requests from clients
to the server and replies from the server to clients can be transmitted using direct or recoverable messages. In addition,
an application event notification mechanism is provided, whereby client applications running anywhere on the network can register
for events, and when those events are raised, the clients are notified. A novel parameter passing mechanism allows a set of
tuples to be included in an event notification. The event mechanism is particularly useful in an active DBMS, where events
can be raised by triggers to signal running application programs.
Received July 21, 1995 / Accepted May 30, 1996 相似文献
46.
47.
The Why2-Atlas tutoring system presents students with qualitative physics questions and encourages them to explain their answers through natural language. Although there are inexpensive techniques for analyzing explanations, we claim that better understanding is necessary for use within tutoring systems. In this paper we motivate and describe how the system creates and uses a deeper proof-based representation of student essays in order to provide students with substantive feedback on their explanations. We describe in detail the abductive reasoner, Tacitus-lite+, that we use within the tutoring system. We also discuss evaluation results for an early version of the Why2-Atlas system and a subsequent evaluation of the theorem-proving module. We conclude with the discussion of work in progress and additional future work for deriving more benefits from a proof-based approach for tutoring applications. 相似文献
48.
Kemal Egemen Ozden Kurt Cornelis Luc Van Eycken Luc Van Gool 《Computer Vision and Image Understanding》2004,96(3):453
The 3D reconstruction of scenes containing independently moving objects from uncalibrated monocular sequences still poses serious challenges. Even if the background and the moving objects are rigid, each reconstruction is only known up to a certain scale, which results in a one-parameter family of possible, relative trajectories per moving object with respect to the background. In order to determine a realistic solution from this family of possible trajectories, this paper proposes to exploit the increased linear coupling between camera and object translations that tends to appear at false scales. An independence criterion is formulated in the sense of true object and camera motions being minimally correlated. The increased coupling at false scales can also lead to the destruction of special properties such as planarity, periodicity, etc. of the true object motion. This provides us with a second, ‘non-accidentalness’ criterion for the selection of the correct motion among the one-parameter family. 相似文献
49.
Gary J. Smith C. Robert Bagnell William E. Bakewell Kurt A. Black Thomas W. Bouldin Todd S. Earnhardt Gary E. R. Hook Katherine B. Pryzwansky 《Microscopy research and technique》1991,18(1):38-49
Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) represents an exciting new tool for scientific disciplines which focus on mechanistic studies such as experimental pathology. Enhanced resolution in the specimen plane and rejection of out-of-focus fluorescence flare allow analysis of specific nucleic acid sequences, enzymes, structural macromolecules, and cellular homeostasis utilizing fluorescent probes. Four different experimental applications are discussed which utilize CSLM to evaluate pathological processes at the subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels. Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a natural process of significance both during development and as a response to toxic stimuli. CSLM-imaging of nuclei of human B lymphoblastoid cells following exposure to a monofunctional alkylating agent suggests that the degradation of chromatin characteristic of apoptosis may occur in asymmetric patterns. Surfactant apoprotein-A is the major non-serum protein component of pulmonary surfactant and is essential for the extracellular function of surfactant. CSLM of alveolar type II cells suggests that apoprotein-A is present in both the cytoplasm, predominantly in lamellar bodies, and in the nucleus. The tumor promoter, phorbol myristate acetate, rapidly stimulated the formation of vacuoles in human neutrophils. CSLM using Lucifer Yellow as a probe suggests that cylindrical vacuoles are formed by fluid-phase pinocytosis. The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) in peripheral nerves may be an important target during toxin-induced neuropathies. Ricin-induced permeability of the BNB in the rat was rapidly visualized by CSLM as leakage of fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-dextran into the endoneurial compartment. 相似文献
50.
Learners need to have good reasons to engage and accept e-learning. They need to understand that unless they do, the outcomes will be less favourable. The technology acceptance model (TAM) is the most widely recognized model addressing why users accept or reject technology. This study describes the development and evaluation of a virtual environment, the online 3D world Second Life (SL), for learning rapid sequence intubation (RSI). RSI is an increasingly frequently used method of acute airway management in healthcare settings. The intention of learners to use the system was explored based on the TAM, with the computer self-efficacy construct as an external variable. Two hundred and six nursing students participated in this study. The findings suggest that the system was perceived as useful, and that the students felt confident working with computers and intended to review RSI in SL as often as needed. However, they remained neutral regarding the ease of use of the system. Strategies were suggested for boosting the students’ self-confidence in using the system. Overall use of the TAM in this context was successful, indicating the robustness of the model. The limitations of the study were discussed and further areas of research on the TAM were proposed. 相似文献