Zündung von Wasserstoff-Knallgas im Stoßwellenrohr

Ohne Zusammenfassung Schlu? des Aufsatzes aus Heft 3 (1967) S. 69/76.     

Measurements of convective heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder rotating in a tank of water

The present paper deals with measurements of heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder rotating in water. The experimental results have been correlated by the equation Nu = 0.133Re^2/3 · Pr^1/3 for a range of rotating Reynolds numbers from 1000 to 46 000, and Prandtl numbers from 2.2 to 6.4. This equation compares very well with the experimental and theoretical information available for air, water and oil in published works.

The analogy suggested by Anderson and Saunders between natural convection from a horizontal plate and the present type of flow has been used to predict the Nusselt numbers. The analogy solution and the present experimental results have been found to compare very well with each other.     

Coupling edge and region-based information for boundary finding in biomedical imagery

We propose in this paper a boundary finding scheme for biomedical imagery which integrates a region-based method and an edge-based technique. We show that more accurate and robust results may be obtained through seeking a joint solution to the traditional approach of curve evolution. The approach incorporates an energy model based on prior distribution and likelihood into the curve evolution of the geodesic active contour (GAC) method. During curve evolution, we use a decision function to adjust relevant parameters in the model automatically so that the curve can easily avoid ‘clutter’. For termination of curve evolution, a stability index is proposed which examines curve evolution convergence to ensure that the curve arrives at the boundary robustly and accurately. The experimental results demonstrate that advantages can be achieved using our approach compared to several classical methods.     

3D materials made of gold using Nanoimprint Lithography

In this work we show large area 3D stacking of gold structures like Split Ring Resonators (SRRs) and fishnet structures using Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL).Two main fabrication processes are used to stack multiple layers of such structures on top of each other: For the stacked fishnet structures a finished double-layer of gold structures is covered with a spacer layer which is planarized using chemical mechanical polishing so that a second layer can be processed on top. For the SRR structures a transfer printing process is used. Here the gold structures are transferred from one substrate onto another substrate. Especially this process is a new and unique possibility to stack gold patterns by transferring gold structures several time on the same substrate and therefore to build up 3D materials in a fast and cost efficient way.     

Model for Estimating Evaporation and Transpiration from Row Crops

Accurate estimates of crop evapotranspiration ETc, that quantify the total water used by a crop, are needed to optimize irrigation scheduling for horticultural crops and to minimize water degradation. During early growth, accurate assessments of ETc are difficult in vegetable crops because of high soil evaporation due to frequent irrigation. A model to estimate ETc for vegetable crops, using only daily reference evapotranspiration data as an input parameter, was developed. It calculates crop transpiration and soil evaporation based on ground cover and daily radiation intercepted by the canopy. The model uses a two-stage soil evaporation method adapted to conditions of variable reference evapotranspiration. The model was evaluated against data using measurements from two seasons of lettuce crop, two tomato fields in the same season, and one season of broccoli crop production. Using all of the crop data, the root-mean-square error for measured versus modeled daily ETc was 0.72 mm day?1, indicating that the model works well.     

Pinch-induced catalepsy in mice.

Pinch-induced catalepsy (PIC) was readily obtained in 5 strains of male mice (N?=?160) following repeated administration of strong pinches at the scruff of the neck. PIC outlasted the pinch by minutes and was more easily induced on retests 48 hrs after the initial acquisition test. Repetitive tail pinches and/or exposure to the testing procedure without pinches also resulted in immobility; however, this was mild and brief. Treatments to prevent immobility between trials (swimming in water or housing in the home cage with normally behaving littermates) failed to block or modify PIC. Spacing the trials up to 1 pinch/10 min did not affect the emergence of PIC, but at 1 pinch/30 min it was abolished. PIC is strikingly similar to the behavior elicited in mice when attacked by a cat. In both cases, immobility is produced by pinches or bites at the scruff of the neck, and it outlasts the duration of the stimulus. Results support the notions of PIC as an adaptive coping strategy, increasing the chance of survival in predator/prey confrontations. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Occurrence of γ-linolenic acid in compositae: A study of Youngia tenuicaulis seed oil

Seeds of Youngia tenuicaulis and other species from the plant family Compositae (Asteraceae) were studied for their oil content and fatty acid composition. The seed oil of Y. tenuicaulis growing in Mongolia was found to contain 5.6% γ-linolenic acid (18∶3Δ6cis,9cis,12cis) in addition to common fatty acids. The oil was analyzed using chromatographic [capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), thin-layer chromatography] and spectroscopic (infrared, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) techniques. Seed oil fatty acids of Saussurea amara (containing γ-linolenic acid) and of Arctium minus (containing 18∶3Δ3trans,9cis,12cis), as well as Δ5cis- and Δ5trans-18∶3 were used as GLC reference substances. The evolution in this plant family of a large number of different 18∶3 acids as well as the corresponding evolution of unusual desaturases should be investigated. On the other hand, the Δ6cis-desaturase required for the biosynthesis of γ-linolenic acid may have evolved independently several times in unrelated families of the plant kingdom.     

Preparation and properties of hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester) films using acetal cross‐linking units

Novel films based on cross‐linked hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester) (HPAE) were prepared by cross‐linking the terminal hydroxyl groups of HPAE using glutaraldehyde (GA). The cross‐linking process was monitored by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of HPAE/GA in N,N‐dimethylacetamide. The surface structures of the cross‐linked HPAE films obtained from different HPAE/GA ratios were imaged using atom force microscopy, and their properties were characterized in terms of hydrophilicity, solvent swelling, mechanics, and protein adsorption. It was found that the static contact angle was <32.9°, tensile strength was >0.35 MPa, elongation at break was >9.2%, swelling degree was >63% in water, and bovine serum albumin adsorption was relatively low. The results indicate that cross‐linked HPAE films have a strong application potential in many areas. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry