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91.
Rachel Edita Oñate Roxas Allan Borra Charibeth Ko Cheng Nathalie Rose Lim Ethel Chuajoy Ong Michelle Wendy Tan 《Language Resources and Evaluation》2008,42(2):183-195
In this paper, we present the building of various language resources for a multi-engine bi-directional English-Filipino Machine
Translation (MT) system. Since linguistics information on Philippine languages are available, but as of yet, the focus has
been on theoretical linguistics and little is done on the computational aspects of these languages, attempts are reported
here on the manual construction of these language resources such as the grammar, lexicon, morphological information, and the
corpora which were literally built from almost non-existent digital forms. Due to the inherent difficulties of manual construction,
we also discuss our experiments on various technologies for automatic extraction of these resources to handle the intricacies
of the Filipino language, designed with the intention of using them for the MT system. To implement the different MT engines
and to ensure the improvement of translation quality, other language tools (such as the morphological analyzer and generator,
and the part of speech tagger) were developed. 相似文献
92.
Restoring warped document images through 3D shape modeling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tan CL Zhang L Zhang Z Xia T 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2006,28(2):195-208
Scanning a document page from a thick bound volume often results in two kinds of distortions in the scanned image, i.e., shade along the "spine" of the book and warping in the shade area. In this paper, we propose an efficient restoration method based on the discovery of the 3D shape of a book surface from the shading information in a scanned document image. From a technical point of view, this shape from shading (SFS) problem in real-world environments is characterized by 1) a proximal and moving light source, 2) Lambertian reflection, 3) nonuniform albedo distribution, and 4) document skew. Taking all these factors into account, we first build practical models (consisting of a 3D geometric model and a 3D optical model) for the practical scanning conditions to reconstruct the 3D shape of the book surface. We next restore the scanned document image using this shape based on deshading and dewarping models. Finally, we evaluate the restoration results by comparing our estimated surface shape with the real shape as well as the OCR performance on original and restored document images. The results show that the geometric and photometric distortions are mostly removed and the OCR results are improved markedly. 相似文献
93.
Automation is the function of monitoring and regulating process operations non-manually or remotely to check or maintain the
required processing conditions and product quality, the use of instrumental techniques of analysis in the laboratory and the
use of computers for data processing and other miscellaneous applications. Applications where automation is justifiable and
the impact of changing trends in automation technology, especially the recent influx of microprocessor-based systems, are
discussed briefly. Applications in the palm oil mill where automation is fairly well-developed and is being developed, as
well as ideas for future applications are reviewed. An example of a practical approach to automation in palm oil mills is
given using automatic control of crude oil dilution. 相似文献
94.
In recent years, educators and students are increasingly employing online collaboration applications such as Google Docs™ and PBWorks™ for group projects and assignments. Yet, the effectiveness of these emerging technologies has not been rigorously examined. Anchoring upon and informed by the existing literature, two design characteristics – sociability and visibility, and two human characteristics – gender and age, are focused on, which are salient in online collaboration applications. A field experiment was conducted to examine the direct and moderating effects of design and human characteristics on learning outcomes. The research found that sociability improved process satisfaction and positive social environment while visibility enhanced academic performance and solution satisfaction of learners. Males had higher solution satisfaction while older learners had higher academic performance. Moderating effects were also found. Both theoretical and practical implications are drawn. In particular, a rubric for online collaboration application selection for academic performance is conceived. This study provides empirical support for online collaboration application effectiveness in education which will augur well for future adoption, use and evolution. 相似文献
95.
In short-term memory networks, transient stimuli are represented by patterns of neural activity that persist long after stimulus offset. Here, we compare the performance of two prominent classes of memory networks, feedback-based attractor networks and feedforward networks, in conveying information about the amplitude of a briefly presented stimulus in the presence of gaussian noise. Using Fisher information as a metric of memory performance, we find that the optimal form of network architecture depends strongly on assumptions about the forms of nonlinearities in the network. For purely linear networks, we find that feedforward networks outperform attractor networks because noise is continually removed from feedforward networks when signals exit the network; as a result, feedforward networks can amplify signals they receive faster than noise accumulates over time. By contrast, attractor networks must operate in a signal-attenuating regime to avoid the buildup of noise. However, if the amplification of signals is limited by a finite dynamic range of neuronal responses or if noise is reset at the time of signal arrival, as suggested by recent experiments, we find that attractor networks can outperform feedforward ones. Under a simple model in which neurons have a finite dynamic range, we find that the optimal attractor networks are forgetful if there is no mechanism for noise reduction with signal arrival but nonforgetful (perfect integrators) in the presence of a strong reset mechanism. Furthermore, we find that the maximal Fisher information for the feedforward and attractor networks exhibits power law decay as a function of time and scales linearly with the number of neurons. These results highlight prominent factors that lead to trade-offs in the memory performance of networks with different architectures and constraints, and suggest conditions under which attractor or feedforward networks may be best suited to storing information about previous stimuli. 相似文献
96.
Social media services such as YouTube and Flickr have become online necessities for millions of users worldwide. Social media are online services that enable users to share contents, opinions, and perspectives that support communication with other users. Social media places an emphasis on the shared experience between users, which we call co-experience. However, the online characteristics of social media increase psychological distance between users, which, in turn, results in a decrease in the quality of co-experience. Hence, as the goal of this study, we theoretically modeled and empirically verified the antecedents and user experience-based consequences of psychological distance in a social media-enhanced real-time streaming video service. In order to reduce psychological distance, we introduced two system elements: inhabited space (the degree of being situated in context and in a meaningful place) and isomorph effects (the degree of preserving the structure of a user’s actions). We constructed a social media-enhanced real-time streaming video service prototype and conducted a field experiment with actual social media users. The prototype, which streamed a live baseball game, enabled users to simultaneously view the game from remote locations and to interact with each other through cheering tools. The results indicate that inhabited space and isomorph effects reduce psychological distance between users, and this, in turn, enhances co-experience. This paper ends with theoretical as well as practical implications of the study. 相似文献
97.
In this paper, the similarity of moment vectors between the test and the reference image blocks together with the result from the block classification are used in the formulation of an image quality metric (IQM). First, the reference and the test images are divided into non-overlapping 8×8 blocks and transformed into moment domain using Discrete Tchebichef Transform. The moment features are then used in two operations: the local quality index calculation and the image content (block) classification. The local quality index is obtained from the similarity measure of moment vectors between the reference and the test image blocks. Next, the content of each reference image block is classified into three types: “plain”, “edge” and “texture”, based on its moment energy level and moment energy distribution. The local quality indices obtained from all the image blocks are then averaged based on the block types to obtain three mean quality scores for each test image. The performance of these three mean quality scores and their combinations are studied using the LIVE database. The results show that the performance of the metric is significantly improved by combining the mean quality scores from the edge and texture image region. The best combination (the proposed metric) is then compared with five other IQMs using the LIVE database and four other independent databases. The results show that the proposed metric performs comparatively well for all the databases. 相似文献
98.
Kyoung-Su Park Geonyup Lim Young-Pil Park Eo-Jin Hong No-Cheol Park 《Microsystem Technologies》2012,18(9-10):1389-1399
Currently, almost all hard disk drives (HDDs) have adopted a loading/unloading mechanism that increases their recording capacity and improves their reliability. However, these mechanisms still create a few scratches or defects in the loading/unloading zone. Slipping at the dimple–flexure interface was recently reported as one of the causes. In this research, we first analyzed the relative behavior of dimple–flexure based on fretting wear marks. We determined that the dimple–flexure behavior included both slipping and rotating motion simultaneously. We then verified the distinct slipping and rolling phenomenon at the moment of ramp contact using finite-element method (FEM) analysis. An experimental setup was constructed, and an unloading experiment was carried out to obtain the ramp contact characteristics corresponding to various unloading velocities. Based on the verified FEM, the characteristics of dimple–flexure relative behavior were investigated for various suspension design parameters, ramp contact characteristics, and unloading velocities. A higher ramp contact force and shorter contact duration resulted in larger slip displacements and roll angles between the dimple and the flexure. Finally, we analyzed the unloading performance of an HDD for various design parameters using quasi-static approximation while considering the relative behavior between the dimple and flexure. The quasi-static analysis indicated a change of approximately 15?% in the flying height at an unloading velocity of 40?in. per second when the relative motion between the dimple and flexure was considered during the unloading process. Even, slider–disk contact occurred at an unloading velocity of 50 ISP. 相似文献
99.
Sung-Yong Lim Nakyeong Kim Kyuil Jung Jae-Seong Lee Yoon-Koo Kang Hyunseok Yang Kyoung-Su Park No-Cheol Park Young-Pil Park 《Microsystem Technologies》2012,18(9-10):1711-1717
Page-oriented holographic data storage (HDS) is very sensitive to disturbances that affect the position of the recording medium. Accordingly, a more precise tracking servo is required for the recording process, and is also crucial for achieving high storage density. A compensation method is therefore essential for HDS recording. In this paper, we suggest some discrete pre-patterns for the tracking servo used in the recording process. This method is motivated by a tracking servo technique for a hard disk drive. Firstly, in designing the pattern shape, HDS characteristics are taken into account. Secondly, track error signals are analyzed. Thirdly, the discrete pre-pattern intervals are determined according to the track tolerance. Lastly, the feasibility of the new method is analyzed via simulations and experiments. 相似文献
100.
A total of 25 college students participated in a study to determine when they would use an air conditioner during a lecture in a university classroom. The ambient temperature and relative humidity were measured 75 cm above the floor every minute. Skin temperatures were measured every minute at seven points, according to the recommendation of Hardy and Dubois. The average clothing insulation value (CLO) of subjects was 0.53 ± 0.07 CLO. The mean air velocity in the classroom was 0.13 ± 0.028 m/s. When the subjects turned the air conditioner both on and off, the average ambient temperatures, relative humidity and mean skin temperatures were 27.4 and 23.7 °C (p = 0.000), 40.9 and 40.0% (p = 0.528) and 32.7 and 32.2 °C (p = 0.024), respectively. When the status of the air conditioner was changed, the differences of skin temperatures in core body parts (head, abdomen and thigh) were not statistically significant. However, in the extremities (mid-lower arm, hand, shin and instep), the differences were statistically significant. Subjects preferred a fluctuating environment to a constant temperature condition. We found that a changing environment does not affect classroom study. 相似文献