Response latencies in auditory sentence comprehension: Effects of linguistic versus perceptual challenge.

Older adults with good hearing and with mild-to-moderate hearing loss were tested for comprehension of spoken sentences that required perceptual effort (hearing speech at lower sound levels), and two degrees of cognitive load (sentences with simpler or more complex syntax). Although comprehension accuracy was equivalent for both participant groups and for young adults with good hearing, hearing loss was associated with longer response latencies to the correct comprehension judgments, especially for complex sentences heard at relatively low amplitudes. These findings demonstrate the need to take into account both sensory and cognitive demands of speech materials in older adults' language comprehension. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Back heating effect of media hot spot at nanoscale head–disk interface

Microsystem Technologies - Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is one of prospective high density recording technologies in current hard disk industry due to its theoretical potential. In this...     

Prolonged effect of troglitazone (CS-045) on xenograft survival of hybrid artificial pancreas

Troglitazone (CS-045), a thiazolidinedione derivative, is a new oral antidiabetic agent that enhances insulin sensitivity and improves insulin responsiveness. In this study we examined the effects of CS-045 on the survival of xenografted bioartificial pancreas. Isolated rat islets were microencapsulated with three-layer agarose microcapsules (polybrene, carboxymethyl cellulose, and an agarose-polystyrene sulfonic acid mixture). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 220 mg/kg. Recipient diabetic mice were separated into two groups. In the CS-045 treated group, the recipient mice were given feed mixed with CS-045 (0.2% w/w) starting from 1 wk before transplantation up to graft failure. The mice in the control group had feed without CS-045. Three hundred microencapsulated rat islets were xenotransplanted into the intraperitoneal cavity of each recipient mouse in both groups. One month after xenotransplantation, IVGTT was performed for all recipients. Xenotransplantation of 300 rat islets in microcapsules decreased the nonfasting blood glucose levels of both groups within 2 days. In the CS-045-treated group (n = 3), the normoglycemic period lasted for more than 1 mo without administration of immunosuppressive drugs (45 +/- 4.3 days). However, in the control group (n = 4), the blood glucose levels of all recipients were already elevated on day 4. In the IVGTT study, the glucose assimilation was markedly and significantly better in the CS-045-treated group than in the control group (K = 1.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.28 respectively, p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that a newly developed oral antidiabetic agent, CS-045 could favorably ameliorate the diabetic state of the recipients xenotransplanted with the bioartificial pancreas, leading to an improved glucose tolerance and longer xenograft survival.     

Aligned Silver Nanowires Enabled Highly Stretchable and Transparent Electrodes with Unusual Conductive Property

Transparent conductors for the next generation of soft electronic devices need to be highly stretchable, conductive, and transparent, while an inevitable challenge lies in enhancing them simultaneously. Cost‐effective silver nanowires (AgNWs) are widely used but the conventional random network yields a high junction resistance as well as degraded conductivity in the stretched state. Here, a novel, facile, and versatile agitation‐assisted assembly approach is reported to control the orientation direction and density of AgNWs and to layer‐by‐layer deposit the AgNWs monolayer or multilayers onto the prestrained soft substrate. This electrode demonstrates an unprecedented low sheet resistance of 2.8 Ω sq^?1 as well as high transparency of 85% and high stretchability of 40%. It is interesting to note that contrary to most other reports, such a device shows higher conductivity in the stretched state compared to the released state.     

Efficient determination of the number of weak learners in AdaBoost

Abstract

AdaBoost is a successful machine learning algorithm used in a variety of fields nowadays. However, its performance is sensitive to the number of weak learners in the ensemble. Too few weak learners will result in underfitting to the training data-set and too many of them cause overfitting to the training data-set, both of which result in poor generalisation of the classifier on test data. The standard way to compute the number of weak learners that is optimal for a particular data-set is to use cross-validation; however, it is highly computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose an efficient method that does not require cross-validation or a separate validation set to determine the number of weak learners for use in AdaBoost. Our method is evaluated on eight different publicly available data-sets to demonstrate its efficacy.     

用季铵盐萃取分离钴铁锰

研究了改性剂对季铵盐萃取分离钴 (Ⅱ )、铁 (Ⅱ )、锰 (Ⅱ )的影响。实验结果表明 ,有机酸HB改性剂在抑制钴 (Ⅱ )、铁 (Ⅱ )、锰 (Ⅱ )萃取的同时 ,改变了铁的萃合物的性质 ,使负荷有机相中的铁基本上不被纯水反萃 ,但能被稀酸反萃完全 ,因此采用洗涤和分步反萃的方法可以把钴 (Ⅱ )、铁 (Ⅱ )、锰 (Ⅱ )分离开。萃余液含钴小于 0 .0 3g/L ,钴的回收率大于 98%。反萃的氯化钴溶液杂质含量较低 ,c(Co) /c(Fe)和c(Co) /c(Mn)均大于30 0 ,符合优质工业氯化钴的质量要求。     

不同纯度微细氧化铝粉联合生产的绿色新工艺

研究了用碳酸氢铵和铝盐联合生产微细氧化铝绿色生产的新工艺,提出了原则生产流程,对如何将原料进行内循环利用和回收作了描述,用等离子质谱和中子活化分析了氧化铝的纯度,用扫描电子显微镜对粒度进行了分析．     

Experimental Evidence of the Importance of Rebound in Net Deposition of Particles

Experiments were carried out in a low-speed wind tunnel to examine the processes of ideal deposition, net deposition, rebound, and reentrainment for large particles (lycopodium spores and ragweed pollen) using leaf surfaces (American elm and tulip poplar). Ideal deposition velocity was found to be linearly proportional to wind speed above a threshold level; below this level it was approximately the settling velocity. Net deposition velocity was close to the ideal deposition velocity at low speeds, but at higher speeds became significantly less than ideal deposition velocity because of rebound and reentrainment. Rebound appears to be more important than reentrainment at speeds above 3 m / s, but at low speeds reentrainment may be more important than rebound, although weak.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of α-ZrP/UHMWPE blend composites containing compatibilizer and its tribological behavior under seawater lubrication

In this work, blended composites with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) as matrix polymer, α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) as filler, and sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) as compatibilizer were prepared. The interfacial interaction between PAANa as a compatibilizer and the components of α-ZrP/UHMWPE was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The friction and wear behavior of the GCr15 ball/composite friction pair under seawater lubrication under different loads were explored, and the friction and wear mechanism were analyzed. The results show that PAANa as a compatibilizer can effectively improve the interfacial interaction force between components of PAANa/α-ZrP/UHMWPE composites. The composites exhibited different trends regarding the relationship between tribological properties and α-ZrP content under various loads. The wear mechanism of composites under low load is mainly represented by extrusion deformation. With the increase of load, the wear mechanism of composites gradually changed into adhesive wear and abrasive wear (depending on the content of α-ZrP). This work provides a theoretical basis for preparing and applying other α-ZrP/polymer blend composites.