一流大学办学理念的基本特征及其形成条件

思想指导行动 ,即理念指导实践。一流的办学理念是一流大学办学成功的关键。以美国和英国为首的发达国家的世界一流大学的办学理念具有许多共同特征 ,即伦理本位、学术自由、使命指引、传承创新。基于此内涵特点的大学办学理念之形成条件主要有这样几个共性特征 ,即杰出校长的教育理念是关键、著名专家学者的贡献是基础、社会文化环境的影响是背景、国内外高水平交往是条件、大学享有自由权利是根本。     

The oxidation of nanocrystalline Ni3Al fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

Nanocrystalline Ni₃Al was fabricated through mechanical alloying of elemental powders and spark plasma sintering. The nanocrystalline Ni₃Al has a nearly full density after being sintered at 1223 K for 10 min under a pressure of 65 MPa. Isothermal and cyclic oxidations of nanocrystalline Ni₃Al were tested at 1173–1373 K with intervals of 100 K. The results indicate that nanocrystalline Ni₃Al exhibits excellent isothermal and cyclical oxidation resistance. The oxide scales consist primarily of dense and continuous -Al₂O₃. The grain refinement is beneficial for improving the oxidation resistance of Ni₃Al by providing more nucleation centers for the Al₂O₃ formation, promoting the selective formation of Al₂O₃ and improving the adhesion of oxide scales to the matrix.     

氢对Ti—6Al—4V合金的高温增塑作用

测定了各种氢含量对Ti-6Al-4V合金的流变应力(σ),应变速率敏感指数(m)和延伸率(δ)的影响,并对其微观结构进行了观察研究。结果表明,适量的氢对该合金在800—860℃范围内具有减少流变应力和降低超塑温度以及增加塑性的作用。     

ZrO_2－Ni功能梯度材料界面结构的研究

利用透射电镜和高分辩电子显微术研究了ＺｒＯ_２－Ｎｉ功能梯度材料（ＦＧＭ）的界面形态与精细结构。结果表明，组元Ｎｉ和ＺｒＯ_２，以直接结合为主，无明显界面反应。ＺｒＯ_２中ｔ／ｍ相界完全共格，存在大量界面结构台阶。此外，在Ｎｉ孪晶界附近存在较多生长缺陷──Ｆｒａｎｋ位错。     

淬火态TC4合金热循环硬化行为及断口特征

在７７－６２３Ｋ对淬火态ＴＣ４合金进行了热循环试验，测定了合金热循环后的硬度，并与６２３Ｋ时效合金的硬度进行了对比；还观察了拉伸试样断口形貌。结果表明：热应力能加速亚稳相的分解，使合金中的位错密度升高，层错和形变孪晶的数量增多；循环温度场作用下淬火态合金拉伸试样断口由韧窝型断裂向韧窝和撕裂棱混合型断裂转变。     

Performance of positive and negative electrodes in amorphous manganese oxide supercapacitor

Using potassium permanganate and acetic manganese as the reactants, amorphous manganese oxide was prepared with mechanochemical method. XRD was used for microstructure characterization, while cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge were used for electrochemical performance testing. The positive electrode （PE） and negative electrode （NE） were investigated respectively in amorphous manganese oxide supercapacitor, aiming to find their different performances in charging-discharging. The results show that the crystalline structure is destroyed in both the PE and NE material during charge-discharge process. Thereinto, the NE suffers a bit more seriously. When cycling, the PE potential scope diminishes while the NE potential scope enlarges. The increased inner resistance makes the NE curves almost bended to be a right angle, but not the PE curves. The cell＇s equivalent series resistance （ESR） is more dependent on the NE, and the capacitance is mainly determined by the rapid descent of the NE potential range. The capacitances of the NE are highly rate-dependent, decreasing from 121.3 to 53.1 F/g, by 56.2%, over the range of 5-25 mV/s. However, the PE appears to be weakly dependent and its capacitance is only dropped by 22.1%.     

PLC在DU型多功能组合机床电控系统改造中的应用

从机床自动控制的实际需要出发，以DU型多功能组合机床为例，介绍了一种利用PLC的顺序编程控制功能来改造机床电控系统的具体方法。     

角木塘水电站水轮机参数选择及结构特点

为避开水轮机不稳定运行区域,合理利用水资源增强机组水力发电性能,结合角木塘水电站工程特性和类似工程实践经验,从技术、经济等方面对水力发电机组机型、装机台数、水轮机特性参数和结构等进行了优化计算。结果表明:优选的ZZ550-LH-425型机组与电站实际工况匹配性较好,性能比较优越、结构简单,综合出力及运行稳定性均达到设计规范要求。     

筛分技术在城市河道疏浚污泥处置中的应用研究

对筛分技术应用于城市河道污泥进行探索研究,在对城市河道污泥的工程特性分析的基础上,对不同的筛分设备用于城市河道污泥进行全面分析,并将筛分技术应用于工程实践中,取得了良好的效果,为城市河道污泥预处置中遇到的难题提供了良好借鉴。     

高分辨TerraSAR-X 图像舰船目标几何参数提取方法

准确提取SAR图像舰船目标几何参数是实现舰船分类的基础。由于SAR特有的成像机理, SAR图像旁瓣效应和方位模糊严重影响了舰船目标的几何参数估计,为此提出一种基于迭代线性回归的舰船几何参数提取方法。首先通过线性回归提取目标的主轴方位;然后利用循环迭代剔除远离主轴的虚假目标像素;最后用实测SAR数据进行了验证。实验结果表明,该算法对高分辨率的SAR舰船目标切片具有较好的参数估计效果。