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81.
82.
Formation of dimeric carboxylic acid functional groups observed at the film-substrate interface of ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid (EA/MAA) and butyl acrylate / methyl meth-acrylate / methacrylic acid (BA/MMA/MAA) latex films prepared on a high surface tension substrate, such as liquid mercury, is observed when sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDOSS) is employed as the synthetic emulsifier. To address the acid species assembled at this interface due to the inability of SDOSS to effectively alleviate interfacial tension and to assess the orientation and spatial configuration of acid groups species at the interface, polarized attenuated total reflectance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT–IR) is employed. It is found that the acid dimer rings adopt an average “on-edge” configuration at the interface with the hydrogen-bonded rings perpendicular to the film-mercury interface. This configuration serves to provide not only the necessary interfacial acid-dimer layer, but also facilitates favorable ring–ring interactions between groups of opposite polarity on adjacent rings. This study indicates that the on-edge configuration may also serve to reduce unfavorable interactions between the polar acid functionality and the less polar components present in the bulk of the coalesced latexes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
83.
This paper describes five energy conservation land use planning strategies for municipal planning, and indicates their usage in Canadian municipalities. The paper is instructive to urban planners, engineers, administrators and others who seek practical information on the energy conservation opportunities of manipulating land use and structural characteristics. 相似文献
84.
Miguel A. Valenzuela Jaime Jimenez-Becerril Pedro Bosch † ‡ Silvia Bulbulian Victor H. Lara ‡ 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(2):455-460
LiAlO2 was prepared by two sol-gel methods using simultaneous hydrolysis of the reagents: aluminum sec -butoxide/ lithium methoxide and aluminum sec -butoxide/LiOH. The resulting ceramic powders were compared with those prepared by two conventional methods (i.e., solid-state fusion and peroxide). The sol-gel method provided powders with a very high γ-LiAlO2 content after calcining at temperatures as low as 700°C when LiOH was used. The solids were characterized by AAS, DTA, TGA, XRD, and SEM. 相似文献
85.
A natural solar drying system has been tested with wheat. Simple solar collectors give the small temperature rise needed for low temperature drying. The system, with a capacity of 35 tomes, is placed in a region of humid hot-temperate climate. It has been designed to dry all the locally produced grain (wheat, corn, soybean, sunflower, sorghum, etc.), without a supplemental heat source.
Two different types of solar collectors of the same effective area were tested, with one a storage-collector and the other a bare plate collector
Data from four field tests performed between 1981 and 1983 are given and discussed. The mean mass of water removed from the wheat per hour was of 6.54 kg, under an average air flow of 4.3 m3 /min. tonne 相似文献
Two different types of solar collectors of the same effective area were tested, with one a storage-collector and the other a bare plate collector
Data from four field tests performed between 1981 and 1983 are given and discussed. The mean mass of water removed from the wheat per hour was of 6.54 kg, under an average air flow of 4.3 m3 /min. tonne 相似文献
86.
87.
Flow cell detectors were developed for simultaneous concentration and scintillation detection of technetium-99 in water. Evaluated flow cell geometries consisted of a coil and a fountain flow cell design; the latter is based on radial solution flow through a resin bed interfaced with a photomultiplier tube through a polycarbonate window. The sorptive scintillating media investigated were (1) an extractive scintillator combining a porous polystyrene resin with the extractant Aliquat-336 and fluor 2-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyloxazole, (2) a mixed bed of organic scintillator (BC-400) and Tc-selective resin (TEVA), and (3) a mixed bed of inorganic scintillator particles (CaF2-Eu) with either TEVA resin or strong base anion-exchange resin (Dowex 1 x 8-400(Cl)). Depending on flow cell geometry and medium, the detection efficiencies for 99Tc ranged from 7.26 (BC-400/TEVA in coil geometry) to 50.20% (CaF2(Eu)/Dowex 1 x 8-400(Cl) in fountain flow cell geometry). The configuration with the highest sensitivity, CaF2(Eu)/Dowex 1 x 8-400(Cl) in coil geometry, can detect 99Tc as low as 3.78 Bq L(-1) for a 100-s count interval and a 200-mL sample, which is below the current regulatory level of 33 Bq L(-1). The issue of sensor reusability was addressed in this research, and its potential application at near neutral pH was demonstrated. The optimal sensor design was evaluated with a 99Tc-spiked synthetic groundwater matrix. 相似文献
88.
S.C. Hirata P. Couto L.G. Lara R.M. Cotta 《International Journal of Thermal Sciences》2009,48(6):1176-1183
The slow discharge process of a methane tank filled with porous carbonaceous adsorptive material is modelled and solved by the Integral Transform Method, yielding a hybrid numerical-analytical solution of the related energy equation. A transient one-dimensional nonlinear formulation is adopted, which includes the compressed and adsorbed gas thermal capacitances, the reservoir wall thermal capacitance effect and the gas compressibility influence. The overall mass balance is employed to determine the pressure field evolution, here assumed as spatially uniform. A thorough covalidation analysis is performed, with both numerical and experimental data available in the literature, and the relative importance of some terms in the energy equation formulation is inspected. Finally, different possibilities for the reduction of the adverse effect of the heat of adsorption on storage capacity are proposed and investigated. 相似文献
89.
Paloma Abad Francisco J. Lara Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares Alberto Baños Enrique Guillamón Ana M. García-Campaña 《Food Analytical Methods》2015,8(4):916-921
A new simple analytical method for monitoring propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) in animal feed is presented. PTSO is an active ingredient from Allium spp. (like onion and shallot), proposed as a natural additive for feed being an efficient alternative to antibiotics used as growth promoter due to its efficiency improving animal health. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection has been used and a previous sample treatment based on solid-liquid extraction has been developed and optimized in order to extract PTSO from a feed for laying hens using acetone as extraction solvent. The method has been characterized obtaining limits of detection and quantification of 11.2 and 37.3 mg kg?1, respectively, which are lower than the concentrations expected in samples containing this additive. The intra- and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 8.3 % in all the cases, and recoveries varied from 90.2 to 94.6 %. Finally, in order to check the unequivocal identification of PTSO, mass spectrometry detection was applied. The proposed method is a simple procedure for monitoring PTSO in commercial feed, being possible to implement it in routine laboratories for quantification purposes and stability studies of the distributed products. 相似文献
90.
Sarah JS Domingues Francislete R Melo Juliana M Aguiar Adriana G Affonso Juclia SA Giuli Juliana L Rose Maurício P Sales Lara F Machado Cassiana R Azevedo Patrícia C da Cunha Adriana Ferreira Uchoa Antnia Elenir Amncio de Oliveira Jos Xavier‐Filho Ktia VS Fernandes 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2006,86(12):1977-1985
We have investigated the survival of Callosobruchus maculatus larvae when reared on resistant IT81D 1045 Vigna unguiculata seeds, whose resistance has been associated with variant forms of vicilins. Here, we present data which show that larvae of C. maculatus feeding on embryonic axis of resistant cowpea reach a mass of around 28 times higher than those feeding on cotyledonary tissues. Additionally, incorporation of 5–10% of embryonic axis flour on artificial seeds made of resistant flour restores toxicity of seeds to the bruchid. Vicilins purified from both susceptible and resistant embryonic axis had no deleterious effects either on insect development or on insect survival until a level of 4% of incorporation. In contrast, vicilins from resistant cotyledons show an LD50 (50% lethal dose) and WD50 (half weight dose) of 2%. Total vicilin contents of embryonic axes were around two times lower than in cotyledonary tissues, while proteolytic activities of all four proteinase classes were always higher in the former tissues. By 2D‐PAGE we visualized eight protein spots, which seem to be exclusively found on resistant cotyledons. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献