Research of the historical forms in modern vernacular architecture of khabarovsk

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Stereoregulation in the anionic polymerization of styrene initiated by superbases

Polystyrenes with different stereoregularities were obtained by initiation of the styrene anionic polymerization via alkyllithium/alkali metal alkoxide systems in hydrocarbon media. Depending on the nature of the metal alkoxide associated to alkyl lithium and more particularly of the alkali metal counter-ion (lithium, sodium, potassium), the synthesis of polystyrene exhibiting predominantly isotactic or syndiotactic triads was achieved. The use of soluble metal alkoxide improves the stereospecificity as well as the initiation efficiency with respect to initial alkyl lithium. The contribution of propagating active species yielding a single type of polymer chains with stereochemical irregularities is supported by the solubility characteristics of the isotactic and syndiotactic rich polystyrenes. A reaction mechanism involving the formation of bimetallic complexes between the alkyllithium and the alkali metal alkoxide and ligand-metal exchanges is discussed.     

Computer-Simulated Particle Packing

Studies have been made on the effects of the fractional composition in a bidispersed mixture on the porosity in the formation of filters by free pouring. A nomogram has been drawn up for the dependence of the porosity on the component contents and sizes. A method is proposed for forecasting the porosity from the component contents. A rapid computer method has been developed for establishing the porosities of planar items.     

Thermodynamics of Interaction of Rare-Earth Metals with d-Metals. The Scandium ― Iron System

Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, and entropies of formation of the compounds ScFe₂ and Sc₂₉Fe₆ are found by measuring the emf of galvanic cells in the range 720-1030 K. The nature of interaction in Fe REM binary systems is analyzed. Scandium is shown to behave like a 3d-metal during interaction with iron.     

Mechanochemical Nitration of Aromatic Compounds

Nitration of organic compounds is necessary to produce many energetic materials, such as TNT and nitrocellulose. The conventional nitration process uses a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids as nitrating agents and multiple solvents. The chemicals are corrosive and require special handling and disposal procedures. In this study, aromatic nitration has been achieved using solvent-free mechanochemical processing of environmentally benign precursors. Mononitrotoluene was synthesized by milling toluene with sodium nitrate and molybdenum trioxide as a Lewis acid catalyst. Several parameters affecting the desired product yield were identified and varied. A number of byproducts, i.e., dimers of toluene were also produced, but the selectivity was observed to increase with increasing mononitrotoluene yield. Both absolute mononitrotoluene yields and selectivity of its production increased with the increase in the energy transferred to the material from the milling tools.