Understanding the Role of Alumina (Al2O3), Pentalithium Aluminate (Li5AlO4), and Pentasodium Aluminate (Na5AlO4) Coatings on the Li and Mn-Rich NCM Cathode Material 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67Li(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)O2 for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

The active role of alumina, pentalithium aluminate (Li₅AlO₄, Li-aluminate), and pentasodium aluminate (Na₅AlO₄, Na-aluminate) as the surface protection coatings produced via atomic layer deposition on Li and Mn-rich NCM cathode materials 0.33Li₂MnO₃·0.67LiNi_0.4Co_0.2Mn_0.4O₂ is discussed. A notable improvement in the electrochemical behavior of the coated cathodes has been found while tested in Li-coin cells at 30 °C. Though all the coated cathodes demonstrate enhanced electrochemical cycling and rate performances, Na-aluminate coated cathodes exhibit exemplary behavior. Prolonged cycling and rate capability testing demonstrate that after more than 400 cycles at 1 C rate, the uncoated cathode delivers only 63 mAh g⁻¹, while those with alumina, Li-aluminate, and Na-aluminate coatings exhibit approximately two times higher specific capacities. The coated cathodes display steady average discharge potential and lower evolution of the voltage hysteresis during prolonged cycling compared to the uncoated cathode. Importantly, Na-aluminate coated cathode shows a lowering in gases (O₂, CO₂, H₂, etc.) evolution. Post-cycling analysis of the electrodes demonstrates higher morphological integrity of the coated cathode materials and lower transition metals dissolution from them. The coatings mitigate undesirable side reactions between the electrodes and the electrolyte solution in the cells.     

Research of the historical forms in modern vernacular architecture of khabarovsk

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Stereoregulation in the anionic polymerization of styrene initiated by superbases

Polystyrenes with different stereoregularities were obtained by initiation of the styrene anionic polymerization via alkyllithium/alkali metal alkoxide systems in hydrocarbon media. Depending on the nature of the metal alkoxide associated to alkyl lithium and more particularly of the alkali metal counter-ion (lithium, sodium, potassium), the synthesis of polystyrene exhibiting predominantly isotactic or syndiotactic triads was achieved. The use of soluble metal alkoxide improves the stereospecificity as well as the initiation efficiency with respect to initial alkyl lithium. The contribution of propagating active species yielding a single type of polymer chains with stereochemical irregularities is supported by the solubility characteristics of the isotactic and syndiotactic rich polystyrenes. A reaction mechanism involving the formation of bimetallic complexes between the alkyllithium and the alkali metal alkoxide and ligand-metal exchanges is discussed.     

Computer-Simulated Particle Packing

Studies have been made on the effects of the fractional composition in a bidispersed mixture on the porosity in the formation of filters by free pouring. A nomogram has been drawn up for the dependence of the porosity on the component contents and sizes. A method is proposed for forecasting the porosity from the component contents. A rapid computer method has been developed for establishing the porosities of planar items.     

Thermodynamics of Interaction of Rare-Earth Metals with d-Metals. The Scandium ― Iron System

Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, and entropies of formation of the compounds ScFe₂ and Sc₂₉Fe₆ are found by measuring the emf of galvanic cells in the range 720-1030 K. The nature of interaction in Fe REM binary systems is analyzed. Scandium is shown to behave like a 3d-metal during interaction with iron.