Highly Conductive Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly (styrenesulfonate) Films Using 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Tetracyanoborate Ionic Liquid

Highly conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films are obtained using ionic liquids as additives. Upon adding 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (EMIM TCB) to the conducting polymer, the conductivity increases to 2084 S cm^?1; this is attributed to the phase separation of PSS leading to a structural change in the film. A comparative study with 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM BF₄) shows that EMIM TCB gives higher conductivity and transmittance and can be regarded as one of the most promising additives for the preparation of indium tin oxide (ITO)‐free organic devices using PEDOT:PSS/EMIM TCB as electrodes.     

Model for the oxygenation of the YBa2Cu3O7−x 90K superconductor

A model incorporating the thermodynamic equilibrium oxygen content, oxygen in-diffusion, and oxide phases for the oxygenation of the YBa₂Cu₃O_7−x is described. For sintered polycrystals, grain growth and the resulting grain size distribution are included. The model is used to calculate the volume percent of each oxide phase for several processing conditions of sintered specimens and is compared with available results on the quantification of phases present. Such a comparison indicates that as the concentration of impurity phases increases so does the concentration of the less oxygenated 123 phases, suggesting that impurities coating 123 grains act as oxygen indiffusion barriers. The model is also used to investigate the uniformity of the oxygen content in large twinned and detwinned single crystals such as have been used for measuring superconductivity parameters.     

A Scalable Framework For Segmenting Magnetic Resonance Images

A fast, accurate and fully automatic method of segmenting magnetic resonance images of the human brain is introduced. The approach scales well allowing fast segmentations of fine resolution images. The approach is based on modifications of the soft clustering algorithm, fuzzy c-means, that enable it to scale to large data sets. Two types of modifications to create incremental versions of fuzzy c-means are discussed. They are much faster when compared to fuzzy c-means for medium to extremely large data sets because they work on successive subsets of the data. They are comparable in quality to application of fuzzy c-means to all of the data. The clustering algorithms coupled with inhomogeneity correction and smoothing are used to create a framework for automatically segmenting magnetic resonance images of the human brain. The framework is applied to a set of normal human brain volumes acquired from different magnetic resonance scanners using different head coils, acquisition parameters and field strengths. Results are compared to those from two widely used magnetic resonance image segmentation programs, Statistical Parametric Mapping and the FMRIB Software Library (FSL). The results are comparable to FSL while providing significant speed-up and better scalability to larger volumes of data.     

Electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric cylinder buried beneath a slightly rough surface

An analytical solution is presented for the electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric circular cylinder embedded in a dielectric half-space with a slightly rough interface. The solution utilizes the spectral (plane-wave) representation of the fields and accounts for all the multiple interactions between the rough interface and the. buried cylinder. First-order coefficients from the small perturbation method are used for computation of the scattered fields from the rough surface. The derivation includes both TM and TE polarizations and can be easily extended for other cylindrical buried objects (e.g., cylindrical shell, metallic cylinder). Several scattering scenarios are examined utilizing the new solution for a dielectric cylinder beneath a flat, sinusoidal, and arbitrary rough surface profile. Results indicate that the scattering pattern of a buried object below a slightly rough surface differs from the flat surface case only when the surface roughness spectrum contains a limited range of spatial frequencies. Furthermore, the illuminated area of the incident wave is seen to be a critical factor in the visibility of a buried object below a rough surface.     

Electromagnetic scattering from vibrating penetrable objects using a general class of time-varying sheet boundary conditions

Calculation of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from vibrating penetrable cylinders of arbitrary cross-section is presented using a general class of time-varying sheet boundary conditions (SBCs) in conjunction with the method of moments (MoM). Sheet impedance and admittance expressions are first derived from the exact scattering solution for a penetrable circular cylinder with perturbed radius. Then, using the SBCs, integral equations are derived and solved numerically so that vibrating cylinders with arbitrary cross-section can be treated. Cylinder vibrations are assumed to be non-relativistic, allowing a simplified calculation of the scattered Doppler spectrum. A critical factor in the calculation of the potentially small Doppler components is that the time-varying nature of the cylinder boundary, contained within the sheet impedance and admittance expressions, can be isolated from the unperturbed terms in the scattered field. Comparison with exact and analytical perturbation solutions are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical solution.     

Acoustic and electromagnetic wave interaction: analyticalformulation for acousto-electromagnetic scattering behavior of adielectric cylinder

An analytical solution for the bistatic electromagnetic (EM) scattering from an acoustically excited vibrating dielectric circular cylinder is presented. The incident acoustic wave causes a boundary deformation as well as a dielectric inhomogeneity within the dielectric cylinder. First, a perturbation method is developed to calculate the EM scattering from a slightly deformed and inhomogeneous dielectric cylinder. Then, assuming the vibration frequency is much smaller than the frequency of the incident EM wave, a closed form expression for the time-frequency response of the bistatic scattered field is obtained. The solution for acoustic scattering from an elastic cylinder is applied to give the displacement on the surface as well as the compression and dilation within the cylinder. Both the surface displacement and the variation in material density (dielectric constant fluctuation) within the cylinder contribute to the Doppler component of the EM scattered field. Results indicate that the Doppler frequencies correspond to the mechanical vibration frequencies of the cylinder and that the Doppler components only become sizeable near frequencies corresponding to the natural modes of free vibration in the cylinder. These resonances depend only on the object properties and are independent of the surrounding medium. Thus, utilizing the information in the Doppler spectrum scattered by an acoustically excited object vibrating at resonance could provide a means for buried object identification     

Efficient disparity vector prediction schemes with modified P frame for 2D camera arrays

An efficient disparity estimation algorithm for multi-view video sequences, recorded by a two-dimensional camera array in which the cameras are spaced equidistantly, is presented. Because of the strong geometrical relationship among views, the disparity vectors of a certain view can for most blocks be derived from the disparity vectors of other views. A frame constructed using that idea is called a D frame in this work. Three new prediction schemes which contain D frames are proposed for encoding 5 × 3 multi-view video sequences. The schemes are applied to several multi-view image sequences taken from a camera-array and they are compared in terms of quality, bit-rate and complexity. The experimental results show that the proposed prediction schemes significantly decrease the complexity of the encoder at a very low cost of quality and/or bit-rate.     

10Gb XFP光模块的电路板设计

XFP MSA(10Gb小形状因数可插拔多源协议)组织定义了用于数据通信和电信的10Gbps串行收发器,该组织由数据通信行业和电信行业中处于领先地位的网络公司、系统公司、光模块公司、半导体公司以及连接器公司组成(参考文献1).     

Effect of External Viscous Load on Head Movement

Quantitative measurements of horizontal head rotation were obtained from normal human subjects intending to make "time optimal" trajectories between targets. By mounting large, lightweight vanes on the head, viscous damping B, up to 15 times normal could be added to the usual mechanical load of the head.     

Online removal of eye movement and blink EEG artifacts using a high-speed eye tracker

A novel approach is presented for using an eye tracker-based reference instead of EOG for methods that require an EOG reference to remove ocular artifacts (OA) from EEG. It uses a high-speed eye tracker and a new online algorithm for extracting the time course of a blink from eye tracker images to remove both eye movement and blink artifacts. It eliminates the need for EOG electrodes attached to the face, which is critical for practical daily applications. The ability of two adaptive filters (RLS and H^ ) to remove OA is measured using: 1) EOG; 2) frontal EEG only (fEEG); and 3) the eye tracker with frontal EEG (ET + fEEG) as reference inputs. The results are compared for different eye movements and blinks of varying amplitudes at electrodes across the scalp. Both the RLS and H^ methods were shown to benefit from using the proposed eye tracker-based reference (ET + fEEG) instead of either an EOG reference or a reference based on frontal EEG alone.