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11.
Following recent interest in the study of computer science problems in a game theoretic setting, we consider the well known
bin packing problem where the items are controlled by selfish agents. Each agent is charged with a cost according to the fraction
of the used bin space its item requires. That is, the cost of the bin is split among the agents, proportionally to their sizes.
Thus, the selfish agents prefer their items to be packed in a bin that is as full as possible. The social goal is to minimize
the number of the bins used. The social cost in this case is therefore the number of bins used in the packing. 相似文献
12.
Online scheduling with rejection and withdrawal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We study an online scheduling problem with rejection, in which some rearrangement of the solution is allowed. This problem is called scheduling with rejection and withdrawal. Each arriving job has a processing time and a rejection cost associated with it, and it needs to be either assigned to a machine or rejected upon arrival. At termination, it is possible to choose at most a fixed number of scheduled jobs and withdraw them (i.e., decide to reject them). We study the minimization version, where the goal is to minimize the sum of the makespan and the total rejection cost (which corresponds to the penalty), and the maximization problem, where the goal is to maximize the sum of the minimum load and the total rejection cost (which corresponds to profit). We study environments of machines, which are the case of m identical machines and the case of two uniformly related machines, and show a strong relation between these problems and the related classic online scheduling problems which they generalize, in contrast to standard scheduling with rejection, which typically makes the scheduling problems harder. 相似文献
13.
Angelo Lucia Peter A. DiMaggio Meghan L. Bellows Leah M. Octavio 《Computers & Chemical Engineering》2005,29(11-12):2363
Normal alkanes show very complicated phase transition kinetics and macroscopic phase equilibrium behavior. This paper focuses on the phase stability and equilibrium of complicated mixtures like n-alkanes and on the enabling global optimization technologies needed to gather problem knowledge. The new ideas contained in this paper include:
- (1) novel level set methods for gathering encoded knowledge;
- (2) the differential geometry for uncovering pathways to more subtle knowledge;
- (3) all supporting non-linearly constrained optimization techniques;
- (4) all data handling needed to unravel complex solution structure.
14.
Dix Theodore; Gershoff Elizabeth T.; Meunier Leah N.; Miller Pamela C. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,40(6):1212
This study investigated the maternal concerns and emotions that may regulate one form of sensitive parenting, support for children's immediate desires or intentions. While reviewing a videotape of interactions with their 1-year-olds, mothers who varied on depressive symptoms reported concerns and emotions they had during the interaction. Emotions reflected outcomes either to children (child-oriented concerns) or to mothers themselves (parent-oriented concerns). Child-oriented concerns were associated with fewer negative emotions and more supportive behavior. Supportive parenting was high among mothers who experienced high joy and worry and low anger, sadness, and guilt. However, relations depended on whether emotions were child or parent oriented: Supportive behavior occurred more when emotions were child oriented. In addition, as depressive symptoms increased, mothers reported fewer child-oriented concerns, fewer child-oriented positive emotions, and more parent-oriented negative emotions. They also displayed less supportive behavior. Findings suggest that support for children's immediate intentions may be regulated by parents' concerns, immediate emotions, and depressive symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
Keren Nitzan Leah Ellenbogen Ziv Bentulila Dekel David Motty Franko Emanuela P. Break Michal Zoharetz Alon Shamir Yosef Sarne Ravid Doron 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(16)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, but there is still no available treatment. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent. Using THC in conventional high doses may have deleterious effects. Therefore, we propose to use an ultra-low dose of THC (ULD-THC). We previously published that a single injection of ULD-THC ameliorated cognitive functioning in several models of brain injuries as well as in naturally aging mice. Here, 5xFAD AD model mice received a single treatment of ULD-THC (0.002 mg/kg) after disease onset and were examined in two separate experiments for cognitive functions, neurotropic, and inflammatory factors in the hippocampus. We show that a single injection of ULD-THC alleviated cognitive impairments in 6- and 12-month-old 5xFAD mice. On the biochemical level, our results indicate an imbalance between the truncated TrkB receptor isoform and the full receptor, with AD mice showing a greater tendency to express the truncated receptor, and ULD-THC improved this imbalance. We also investigated the expression of three AD-related inflammatory markers and found an ameliorating effect of ULD-THC. The current research demonstrates for the first time the beneficial effects of a single ultra-low dose of THC in a mouse model of AD after disease onset. 相似文献
16.
OBJECT: The authors studied the reliability of a new method for noninvasive assessment of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in head-injured patients in which mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) and transcranial Doppler middle cerebral artery mean and diastolic flow velocities are measured. METHODS: Cerebral perfusion pressure was estimated (eCPP) over periods of continuous monitoring (20 minutes-2 hours, 421 daily examinations) in 96 head-injured patients (Glasgow Coma Scale score < 13) who were admitted to the intensive care unit. All patients were sedated, paralyzed, and ventilated. The eCPP and the measured CPP (ABP minus intracranial pressure, measured using an intraparenchymal microsensor) were compared. The correlation between eCPP and measured CPP was r=0.73; p < 10(-6). In 71% of the examinations, the estimation error was less than 10 mm Hg and in 84% of the examinations, the error was less than 15 mm Hg. The method had a high positive predictive power (94%) for detecting low CPP (< 60 mm Hg). The eCPP also accurately reflected changes in measured CPP over time (r > 0.8; p < 0.001) in situations such as plateau and B waves of intracranial pressure, arterial hypotension, and refractory intracranial hypertension. A good correlation was found between the average measured CPP and eCPP when day-by-day variability was assessed in a group of 41 patients (r=0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive estimation of CPP by using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography may be of value in situations in which monitoring relative changes in CPP is required without invasive measurement of intracranial pressure. 相似文献
17.
18.
Leah Epstein 《Journal of Scheduling》2018,21(3):269-284
We discuss variants of online scheduling on identical and uniformly related machines, where the objective is to minimize the makespan. All variants are such that some information regarding the input is provided in advance, and therefore these models are known as semi-online problems. Algorithms are analyzed with respect to the competitive ratio. We discuss the benefit arising from different kinds of available information and find that almost all variants allow one to reduce the competitive ratio significantly compared to the best possible competitive ratio for the corresponding pure online problem. 相似文献
19.
20.
Dietary Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Are Protective Against Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
Over 50 years of research has sought to define the role dietary fat plays in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although optimal
dietary fat quantity has been keenly pursued over past decades, attention has recently centered on the value of dietary fat
quality. The purpose of the present review is to provide a critical assessment of the current body of evidence surrounding
efficacy of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) for reduction of traditional risk factors defining metabolic syndrome
(MetS) and CVD. Due to existing and emerging research on health attributes of MUFA rich diets, and to the low prevalence of
chronic disease in populations consuming MUFA rich Mediterranean diets, national dietary guidelines are increasingly recommending
dietary MUFA, primarily at the expense of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Consumption of dietary MUFA promotes healthy blood
lipid profiles, mediates blood pressure, improves insulin sensitivity and regulates glucose levels. Moreover, provocative
newer data suggest a role for preferential oxidation and metabolism of dietary MUFA, influencing body composition and ameliorating
the risk of obesity. Mounting epidemiological and human clinical trial data continue to demonstrate the cardioprotective activity
of the MUFA content of dietary fat. As the debate on the optimal fatty acid composition of the diet continues, the benefit
of increasing MUFA intakes, particularly as a substitute for dietary SFA, deserves considerable attention. 相似文献