Mechanical properties of (ethylene acrylate copolymer)‐modified polypropylene/TiO2 blends

An ethylene‐(methyl acrylate) (EMA) copolymer produced from a tubular reactor was found to be effective in toughening polypropylene, even at low concentrations. The addition of a small amount of TiO₂ pigment enhanced the EMA toughening effect. Microscopy and thermal analysis helped to reveal the possible EMA toughening mechanisms. The effects of two processing methods, dry blending and melt blending, on the mechanical properties of the formulation were also studied. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:65–70, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

离子自拆分法合成D-(一)-对羟基苯甘氨酸

研究了用离子自拆分方法拆分外消旋对羟基苯甘氨酸(DL-HPG)而合成D-(—)-对羟基苯甘氨酸(D-HPG)。采用正交试验确定了最佳反应条件:在丙酮和水的混合溶剂中,等物质的量的DL-HPG和硫酸在60℃下加入D-HPG,搅拌反应15min左右,降温过滤得到D-HPG的硫酸盐,水解即可得到D-HPG(光学纯度99％),一次性总收率达到20％。适于工业生产。     

Estimation bias of ocean current measured by along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar and its compensation methods

In previous works on current measured by along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATISAR), the decorrelation function of an ocean-surface backscattering signal was usually assumed to be a real Gaussian function, i.e. the phase term was omitted. In this study, it is proved that the omission of the phase term included in the decorrelation function results in a significant estimation bias that can be modelled by a higher-order function of time lag and that the coefficients of this higher-order function can be expressed as a series of higher-order Doppler spectral moments. This model is validated by the scatterometer data obtained from an experimental wind-wave tank. The estimation bias especially needs to be considered for the ATISAR system with a long time lag. Simulation results show that if the time lag is equal to the coherence time, the estimation bias of the current can reach about 0.2 m s^?1, which is not insignificant in high-precision current-retrieving applications. However, because most real-life ATISAR systems, including TerraSAR-X, operate with time lags significantly shorter than the expected coherence time, the estimation biases in these systems are relatively small or even negligible. Finally, four possible compensation methods for the estimation bias are proposed and discussed.     

Spatiotemporal association patterns of multiple parameters in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and their relationships with ENSO

The northwestern Pacific Ocean (NWPO) is a region sensitive to global climate change and regional sea–air interactions. A number of remote-sensing images from the past three decades were used to define sensitive marine regions, which were then applied to determine the spatiotemporal association patterns of abnormal variations in marine environmental parameters using a quantitative association rule-mining method. The NWPO object 1 (NWPO-obj1) region (130°–150° E, 2°–15° N) and NWPO object 2 (NWPO-obj2) region (170°–180° E, 0°–8° N) showed more pronounced changes than elsewhere, and the monthly anomaly of sea-surface temperature (SSTA), monthly anomaly of sea-surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a), monthly anomaly of sea-level anomaly (SLAA), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events were closely related to one another in these two regions. In NWPO-obj1, the relation between SLAA and chl-a yields a correlation coefficient of ?0.79 and the abnormal drop in SLAA was the principal factor controlling the chl-a bloom. In NWPO-obj2, the SSTA is anti-correlated with chl-a (correlation coefficient of ?0.83), and the abnormal increase in SSTA might be one of the main factors leading to the extinction of chl-a. Comparing the two regions, abnormal increases in chl-a and decreases in SSTA in NWPO-obj2 were indicators of abnormal increases in SLAA in NWPO-obj1 (positive and negative correlation coefficients of 0.60 and ?0.61, respectively), and the abnormal decrease of SLAA in NWPO-obj1 is correlated with the abnormal decrease of SSTA in NWPO-obj2 (correlation coefficient of 0.86), although ahead by one year. In addition, the abnormal decrease of SLAA in NWPO-obj1 was the only factor influenced by El Niño, while La Niña events had an impact on the abnormal increase of SLAA in NWPO-obj1 and the abnormal decrease of SSTA in NWPO-obj2, and also dominated their interrelationships.     

Seasonal evolution of the interannual variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and its forcing factors in the northwestern Pacific from 1998 to 2010

The northwestern Pacific Ocean is a complex region with significant biological spatial variations on a seasonal timescale. To investigate the joint variation patterns on both seasonal and interannual timescales, a season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis was applied to seasonal mean chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) anomalies in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the period 1998–2010. The first two dominant modes accounted for nearly 31% of the total interannual variance, with the second S-EOF mode (S-EOF2) lagging behind the first S-EOF mode (S-EOF1) by one year. S-EOF1 featured a strong variation pattern to the north of 30° N, with maximum chl-a in winter and minimum chl-a in summer. However, S-EOF2 indicated an opposite seasonally evolving pattern compared with S-EOF1, with chl-a increasing along the Kuroshio and extension current from boreal winter to autumn. Both these modes revealed significant relationships with climate-related indices. The two modes corresponded to the central Pacific (CP) La Niña developing episodes and the turnaround from eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña to CP El Niño, respectively. Both modes were associated with the cold phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which played an important role in prolonging the impact of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on chl-a seasonal evolution from 1998 to 2010. In addition, we discuss the possible factors dominating chl-a seasonal variation, in terms of the subregions of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean (15° N – 30° N), the chl-a growth was primarily nutrient-limited, whereas in the mid-latitude northwestern Pacific Ocean (35° N – 50° N), the chl-a growth was mainly light-limited.     

盐酸克林霉素合成工艺改进

采用新工艺合成克林霉素,流程短,收率高,重量收率比传统工艺提高了21.55个百分点,可达88.0%,产品质量符合中国药典2000版标准.     

Workflow performance analysis and simulation based on multidimensional workflow net

Workflow model performance analysis plays an important role in the research of workflow techniques and efficient implementation of workflow management. Instances dwelling times (IDT) which consist of waiting times and handle times in a workflow model is a key performance analysis goal. In a workflow model the instances which act as customers and the resources which act as servers form a queuing network. Multidimensional workflow net (MWF-net) includes multiple timing workflow nets (TWF-nets) and the organization and resource information. This paper uses queuing theory and MWF-net to discuss mean value and probability distribution density function (PDDF) of IDT. It is assumed that the instances arrive with exponentially distributed inter-arrival times and the resources handle instances within exponentially distributed times or within constant times. First of all, the mean value and PDDF of IDT in each activity is calculated. Then the mean value and PDDF of IDT in each control structure of a workflow model is computed. According to the above results a method is proposed for computing the mean value and PDDF of IDT in a workflow model. Finally an example is used to show that the proposed method can be effectively utilized in practice.     

膜分离过程中原料气流量的控制方法

介绍了气体膜分离原理;提出了理想膜过程的新概念;归纳了气体膜分离装置的运行特点;比较分析了气体膜分离过程中原料气流量控制的各种方法;提出通过在尾气侧安装调节阀来定量调节原料气流量的控制方法;该方法成功应用于金陵石化加氢裂化低分气中提取高浓氢的工艺中,验证了这种控制策略的正确性和有效性;整体的控制方案又进一步提高了膜分离装置的操作柔性及适应能力;该方法可同时保证渗透气快气浓度及回收率的性能指标,适用于所有气体膜分离过程中对处理气量的自动控制.     

固相反应法制备YAG透明陶瓷

研究了固相反应法制备钇铝石榴石(yttrium aluminum garnet，YAG)透明陶瓷的工艺。采用高纯Y2O3和Al2O3超徽粉为原料，在1300℃煅烧2h，制备出YAG粉末。YAG相生成温度比常规温度大约低200℃。加入0．5％(质量分数)正硅酸乙醑烧结助剂后，YAG坯体在1700℃真空烧结5h，得到了高透光的YAG陶瓷，其在可见光区最大透光率为63％，在红外光区的透光率接近70％。YAG陶瓷具有均匀的微观结构，晶粒尺寸大约为10～30μm。     

苯乙酸合成新工艺

应用氯化钴和低价含硫化合物低压合成四羰基钴盐的技术于氯苄羰化合成苯乙酸的生产工艺中。结果表明甲醇水溶剂系统有利于低压合成四羰基钴盐；氢氧化钙作中和剂使用，要求羰化产物后处理的温度提高，以保证苯乙酸的产率；碱的用量和浓度是影响苯乙酸产率的重要因素。