煤焦油加工技术的探讨

煤焦油曾为近代有机化工作出了历史性贡献。我国煤焦油资源丰富,但尚未得到有效和合理利用。根据高温煤焦油的组成特点,对煤焦油的初馏、沥青加工利用和煤焦油产品的深加工技术进行了探讨,提出一些建议。此外还讨论了煤焦油加工企业的发展模式。     

Catalytic activities and properties of mesoporous sulfated Al2O3–ZrO2

Mesoporous sulfated Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ (MSAZ) catalysts with large surface areas and pore volumes after calcination at high temperature (650 °C) and with higher Al₂O₃ content than 20wt% were successfully prepared from a template of block copolymer (P84). The MSAZ catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ²⁷Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG–DTG), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) and infrared spectra (IR) of adsorbed pyridine. It is shown that the resulting mesostructured sulfated Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ samples have a well-developed textural mesoporosity. The number of acid sites present on MSAZ catalysts is higher than that on conventional sulfated zirconia, and the former catalysts are more active than the latter one for various acid-catalyzed reactions.     

Water-soluble and amphiphilic polymers

Summary Three PEO-PSt-PEO triblock polymers and their parent ho-nopolystyrene have been studied by means of light scattering technique in chloroform, toluene and ethyl acetate. It has been found that the weight average molecular weights calculated by using the equation Mapp- were unbelievable negative values; and the largest deviation appeared for the sample with PEO mole content of about 50%. Data of PSt-PEO-PSt triblock polymers in literature have been quoted and discussed.     

Preparation and Photoluminescence of Partially Filled ZnO Microtubes Using Block Copolymers

Partially filled ZnO microtubes were synthesized in large scale using block copolymers. The growth mechanism of this unique construction is proposed on the basis of adsorption of block copolymers on {0002} plane of wurtzite ZnO. The photoluminescence property of these unique ZnO microtubes is also studied using a Xe lamp as the excitation source at room temperature. Blue emission band at 425 nm is a much stronger ultraviolet emission band, which is due to laminar structure of ZnO microtubes.     

熔融石英耐火材料

阐述了熔融石英耐火材料的主要性能与应用领域。     

国内外型焦生产工艺及发展前景

介绍了国内外型焦技术的生产工艺、型煤碳化的过程和影响因素,以及国内目前几种碳化窑炉,通过对型焦和焦炭的对比分析,指出洁净型焦生产技术的优势必然会使它在未来具有巨大的发展空间。     

CaSO_4晶须对聚氨酯胶粘剂性能影响的研究

用实验室自制的相对分子质量为2500的聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯、混合扩链剂配制聚氨酯胶粘剂,并使用实验室自制的改性和未改性200nm硫酸钙晶须对聚氨酯胶粘剂进行改性,考察不同硫酸钙晶须及其加入量、加入方式对聚氨酯胶粘剂综合力学性能的影响。根据实验结果,200nm改性硫酸钙晶须当加入量为3％时,聚氨酯胶粘剂的拉伸强度、初粘性和最终剥离强度均有明显提高。     

直纺长丝工艺中聚酯熔体端羧基值控制的工业研究

本文从工业生产的实践出发对杜邦聚酯技术直接纺工艺中端羧基控制进行了研究。通过对熔体端羧基值对无油长丝端羧基、粘度及纺丝加工影响的分析 ,阐明了聚酯端羧基控制范围 ;通过摸索三个反应釜工艺条件对端羧基值的影响 ,找出了端羧基工业控制的有效途径 ,为同类技术装置生产提供了依据     

Electrochemical performance of nanocrystalline Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite material synthesized by a novel sol–gel method

A novel sol–gel method based on V₂O₅·nH₂O hydro-gel was developed to synthesize nanocrystalline Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon composite material. In this route, V₂O₅·nH₂O hydro-gel, NH₄H₂PO₄, Li₂CO₃ and high-surface-area carbon were used as starting materials to prepare precursor, and the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon was obtained by sintering precursor at 750 °C for 4 h in flowing argon. The sol–gel synthesis ensures homogeneity of the precursors and improved reactivity. The sample was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. X-ray diffraction results show Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ sample is monoclinic structure with the space group of P2₁/n. The TEM image indicates that the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ particles modified by conductive carbon are about 70 nm in diameter. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon system showed that the discharge capacities in the first and 50th cycle are about 155.3 and 143.6 mAh/g, respectively, in the range of 3.0–4.8 V. The sol–gel method is fit for the preparation of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon composite material which may offer some favorable properties for commercial application.     

Dynamic output feedback control of a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle via T–S fuzzy approach

By utilising Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy set approach, this paper addresses the robust H_∞ dynamic output feedback control for the non-linear longitudinal model of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles (FAHVs). The flight control of FAHVs is highly challenging due to the unique dynamic characteristics, and the intricate couplings between the engine and fight dynamics and external disturbance. Because of the dynamics’ enormous complexity, currently, only the longitudinal dynamics models of FAHVs have been used for controller design. In this work, T–S fuzzy modelling technique is utilised to approach the non-linear dynamics of FAHVs, then a fuzzy model is developed for the output tracking problem of FAHVs. The fuzzy model contains parameter uncertainties and disturbance, which can approach the non-linear dynamics of FAHVs more exactly. The flexible models of FAHVs are difficult to measure because of the complex dynamics and the strong couplings, thus a full-order dynamic output feedback controller is designed for the fuzzy model. A robust H_∞ controller is designed for the obtained closed-loop system. By utilising the Lyapunov functional approach, sufficient solvability conditions for such controllers are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed T–S fuzzy dynamic output feedback control method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.