Exogenous Melatonin Reprograms the Rhizosphere Microbial Community to Modulate the Responses of Barley to Drought Stress

The rhizospheric melatonin application-induced drought tolerance has been illuminated in various plant species, while the roles of the rhizosphere microbial community in this process are still unclear. Here, the diversity and functions of the rhizosphere microbial community and related physiological parameters were tested in barley under the rhizospheric melatonin application and drought. Exogenous melatonin improved plant performance under drought via increasing the activities of non-structural carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and activating the antioxidant enzyme systems in barley roots under drought. The 16S/ITS rRNA gene sequencing revealed that drought and melatonin altered the compositions of the microbiome. Exogenous melatonin increased the relative abundance of the bacterial community in carbohydrate and carboxylate degradation, while decreasing the relative abundance in the pathways of fatty acid and lipid degradation and inorganic nutrient metabolism under drought. These results suggest that the effects of melatonin on rhizosphere microbes and nutrient condition need to be considered in its application for crop drought-resistant cultivation.     

CRISPR/Cas9 Technology and Its Utility for Crop Improvement

The rapid growth of the global population has resulted in a considerable increase in the demand for food crops. However, traditional crop breeding methods will not be able to satisfy the worldwide demand for food in the future. New gene-editing technologies, the most widely used of which is CRISPR/Cas9, may enable the rapid improvement of crop traits. Specifically, CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology involves the use of a guide RNA and a Cas9 protein that can cleave the genome at specific loci. Due to its simplicity and efficiency, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has rapidly become the most widely used tool for editing animal and plant genomes. It is ideal for modifying the traits of many plants, including food crops, and for creating new germplasm materials. In this review, the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the underlying mechanism, and examples of its use for editing genes in important crops are discussed. Furthermore, certain limitations of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and potential solutions are described. This article will provide researchers with important information regarding the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology for crop improvement, plant breeding, and gene functional analyses.     

高空作业车支腿阀定制开发研究

高空车支腿液压控制典型要求为集成化、低成本、简单可靠,本文提出针对典型负载进行匹配,运用Amesim仿真工具合理分析支腿运动过程中的液压锁振动问题,并使用HCD模块找出可行的解决方案,实现在多路换向阀组上集成解决问题的方案.     

Estimation of fracture density and orientation from azimuthal elastic impedance difference through singular value decomposition

Accurate estimation of fracture density and orientation is of great significance for seismic character-ization of fractured reservoirs.Here,we propose a novel m...     

涡流管热冷出口压力比对其性能的影响研究

采用Fluent数值模拟的方法,以R41、R23、R32、R290、R1234yf、R134a为工质对涡流管进行三维数值模拟,得出不同工质涡流管制冷效应、制热效应以及分离效应随热冷出口压力比的变化规律,并以R41为工质分析不同流道数目涡流管性能随热冷出口压力比的变化规律。模拟结果表明:R41的制冷、制热以及分离效应最好,最大分离效应可达5 K左右;不同工质涡流管制热效应以及分离效应随热冷出口压力比的增大而增大,制冷效应随热冷出口压力比的增大而减小;不同热冷出口压力比条件下,随着喷嘴流道数的增加涡流管制冷效应逐渐降低而制热效应逐渐升高。     

不同石榴品种果实的营养成分比较分析

为系统研究石榴果实的主要营养成分及筛选适合大面积栽培的优良品种,对山东主栽的8个石榴品种的水分、可溶性蛋白、氨基酸、总酸、可溶性糖、维生素C、脂肪和灰分进行了测定、分析,并与其他常见水果的可溶性糖和脂肪含量做了比较。结果表明,石榴品种可溶性糖、总酸、氨基酸和维生素C等成分差异极显著。大红袍的可溶性糖含量最高,为227872mg/kg,青皮酸的总酸含量最高,为24814mg/kg,这两个品种可以做为单一营养成分特色品种进行开发。秋艳、谢花甜和岗榴这3个品种营养成分均衡且丰富。与其他水果相比,石榴的必需氨基酸种类齐全,含量丰富,其中鲜味氨基酸含量最高的是秋艳,必需氨基酸含量最高的是青皮酸。与FAO氨基酸模式相比,石榴所含的氨基酸更易于人体的吸收。      

金属光子晶体薄膜可见光和微波波段传输性能

一维金属光子晶体薄膜是由金属-介质多层结构组成的等效均匀的各向异性超构材料。相比单层金属膜层,该结构在色散调控方面具有更多的自由度。在该结构中由于表面等离子体激元(SPP)的存在,可实现倏逝波的定向传输。在本文中,等效介质理论、时域有限元差分法(FDTD)的计算结果和实验结果都表明,传输倏逝波的波长、频宽和强度可通过金属光子晶体结构调整实现主动设计。金属膜厚比例越小,传输波长的中心和截止波长越长,频带越宽。当金属膜层厚度小于SPP穿透深度时,可获得宽频段的倏逝波的传输。同时,对金属光子晶体在微波波段的传输性能也进行了研究,发现其在微波波段等效介电常数为负,具有良好的反射性能。该结构的屏蔽效能远大于厚度相近的ITO薄膜的电磁屏蔽效能。在厚度只有几百纳米时,该结构即可实现良好的电磁屏蔽效能。通过金属光子晶体薄膜可实现电磁屏蔽材料的薄膜化、轻质化和可视化。     

多点激励下隔震桥梁非线性随机振动的时域显式迭代模拟法

由于地震动的随机性与空间变异性、隔震支座的非线性特征及其安装数目少的特点,隔震桥梁地震响应分析是一典型的多输入局部非线性随机振动问题。采用Bouc-Wen模型描述隔震支座的非线性恢复力,建立多点地震激励下隔震桥梁结构的运动方程,并将得到的非线性运动方程改写为关于状态变量的拟线性方程,基于精细时程积分法和龙格-库塔法构造拟线性方程及隔震支座滞回位移方程的时域显式降维迭代求解格式。再以此高效算法为基础,应用随机模拟法计算多点激励下隔震桥梁随机地震响应的统计量。数值算例表明,所建立的方法计算速度快、精度高,可用于实际桥梁结构的抗震性能验算。     

西藏申扎县某铷矿床铷赋存状态研究

为查明西藏申扎县某铷矿床中铷的赋存状态,采用化学分析、电子探针、X射线衍射、MLA和光学显微镜等手段对铷矿石的化学成分、矿物组成、粒度和嵌布特征以及铷元素的赋存状态进行了详细研究。研究结果表明,矿石中铷主要赋存于云母类矿物中,分布率达95.91%,仅针对云母类矿物进行选冶工作即可取得优异的铷回收指标。研究结果对西藏申扎县铷矿石的选冶及矿床下一步开发利用具有重要指导意义,也对类似矿石性质的铷矿床赋存状态研究具有重要启示。     

红外材料低温热膨胀系数测量方案及其精度分析

为了实现低温真空环境下红外材料热膨胀系数的高精度测量,提出了一种固体材料低温热膨胀系数的测量方案。本方案基于自准直原理,设计了一种测微结构,建立起了结构变形与角度的关系,并推导出热膨胀系数测量公式。利用测量公式,从理论上分析了该方案的测量误差传递函数关系,并利用误差灵敏度函数对红外材料低温热膨胀系数测量装置的设计精度进行了分析,最后通过计算得到了该方案的测量相对误差。结果表明,测量的热膨胀系数相对误差仅为0.76%,满足纳米级测量要求。