Electrodeposition and morphology analysis of Bi-Te thermoelectric alloy nanoparticles on copper substrate

Nanoscale Bi-Te particles with thermoelectric properties on copper substrate were investigated. The substrate was prepared by electroplating copper layer on a copper zinc alloy plate in a copper sulfate solution. Electrodeposition of the Bi-Te alloy particles was then performed in a nitrate bath. The electrolyte is composed of 0.05 M bismuth nitrate and 0.01 M tellurium dioxide dissolved in 2.0 M HNO₃. Cyclic voltammetry and quartz microbalance tests associated with the electrodeposition process were conducted to show the mechanism and kinetics of the deposition. The morphology and compositional analysis of Bi-Te was obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) respectively. The morphology analysis suggested that nanoscale Bi-Te particles were obtained and the EDS results indicated that the surface of the copper substrate contained Cu₂O. The atomic ratio 1:1 for Bi:Te in the alloy, which is equivalent to the weight percentage of Bi:Te = 62%:38% was confirmed from the data obtained.     

Kr ion irradiation study of the depleted-uranium alloys

Fuel development for the reduced enrichment research and test reactor (RERTR) program is tasked with the development of new low enrichment uranium nuclear fuels that can be employed to replace existing high enrichment uranium fuels currently used in some research reactors throughout the world. For dispersion type fuels, radiation stability of the fuel-cladding interaction product has a strong impact on fuel performance. Three depleted-uranium alloys are cast for the radiation stability studies of the fuel-cladding interaction product using Kr ion irradiation to investigate radiation damage from fission products. SEM analysis indicates the presence of the phases of interest: U(Al, Si)₃, (U, Mo)(Al, Si)₃, UMo₂Al₂₀, U₆Mo₄Al₄₃ and UAl₄. Irradiations of TEM disc samples were conducted with 500 keV Kr ions at 200 °C to ion doses up to 2.5 × 10¹⁹ ions/m² (∼10 dpa) with an Kr ion flux of 10¹⁶ ions/m²/s (∼4.0 × 10⁻³ dpa/s). Microstructural evolution of the phases relevant to fuel-cladding interaction products was investigated using transmission electron microscopy.     

稳健统计方法在老采空区沉降数据处理中的应用

老采空区地基沉降和变形监测是沉降研究的可靠方法。基于监测数据进行沉降规律的分析和预测预报,指出了应用最普遍的统计方法即最小二乘回归分析方法存在的问题,应用稳健估计对含有粗差的沉陷数据进行了回归分析,得到了比较好的结果。     

矿业开发新形势下的矿山地质环境保护与安全应对策略

矿业开发必定要面临矿山地质环境问题,分析了矿山地质环境问题的主要表现形式及其产生的特殊性,详细阐述了我国矿业开发的重心向西部转移,矿产开采向深度发展,矿山地质环境面临新的挑战,就如何面对这些挑战,提出了应对措施。     

露天转地下覆盖层研究进展

首先对露天转地下覆盖层的散体特性进行了分析,并从力学方面研究了覆盖层的运动情况,着重从块度和湿度方面分析了覆盖层对放矿的影响,最后从安全角度对覆盖层的合理高度及在预防泥石流方面进行了研究,并对覆盖层未来研究进行了展望。     

国际矿业发展趋势与资源战略

探索了新时期矿产资源战略要素和实施方式,矿产资源战略要素主要是技术、资本和制度,从先行工业化国家的资源要素战略演化轨迹出发,结合内生经济增长模型,阐述了国际矿业发展趋势,分析了技术换资源、资本换资源、制度换资源的战略实现方式。     

煤矿远程安全监控系统运行现状

煤矿安全监控系统为预防煤矿瓦斯事故发挥了重要作用.为了加大瓦斯治理力度,有的地方煤矿安全管理部门率先建立了区域性煤矿远程安全监控系统(以下简称远程监控系统),对于技术管理水平高的区域同样发挥了较好的作用,但是总体情况看,并不令人乐观.本文介绍了我国煤矿远程监控系统应用现状及存在的问题与对策.     

黄磷尾气作为替代燃料用于石灰窑煅烧工艺

黄磷尾气含高浓度一氧化碳,其燃烧温度高,热辐射面积大,作为燃料是其最好的资源化利用途径。活性石灰窑所用的燃料是煤粉。黄磷尾气在具备一定条件时作为石灰窑煤粉的替代燃料具有可行生。通过研究黄磷尾气的燃烧特性、石灰窑的结构特点及温度分布、石灰窑对替代燃料的基本要求等,验证了黄磷尾气可以作为石灰窑煤粉的替代燃料。黄磷尾气用于石灰窑的替代燃料,在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也会带来不可估量的环境效益。     

Status of ceramic breeder pebble bed thermo-mechanics R&D and impact on breeder material mechanical strength

Among the international fusion solid breeder blanket community, there exists steady progress on the experimental, phenomenological, and numerical characterizations of the pebble bed effective thermo physical and mechanical properties, and of thermomechanic state of the bed under prototypical operating conditions. This paper summarizes recent achievements in pebble bed thermomechanics that were carried out by members of the IEA Fusion Nuclear Technology Subtask I Solid Breeding Blanket. A major goal is on developing predictive capability while identifying a pre-conditioned equilibrium stress state that would warrant pebble bed integrity during operations. The paper reviews and synthesizes existing computational modeling approaches for pebble bed thermomechanics prediction, and differentiating points of convergence/divergence among existing approaches. The progress toward modeling benchmark is also discussed. These advancements have led to a framework to help navigate future research.     

废弃焦粉及半焦的脱灰活化研究

焦粉、半焦是冶金、化工、电石等生产企业将工业焦炭破碎时产生的一种副产物,灰分高,比表面积和孔容都比较小,为了提高其性能,需要进行脱灰、活化。试验采用不同浓度HNO3、KOH对其进行脱灰试验,然后进行高温水蒸气活化,并利用FTIR红外光谱测试其表面官能团的变化,利用N2等温吸附对样品处理前后的BET比表面积、孔径、孔容进行测定,得出最佳脱灰工艺条件为:用浓度为20%的KOH处理后,再用硝酸处理脱灰率最高,样品灰分可降至8%左右,硝酸处理后样品表面酸性官能团明显增加。焦粉经高温水蒸气活化后,孔径以中孔为主,微孔含量很少,比表面积达到了80 m2/g,比原料焦粉提高了近5倍。