炼油化工装置技术改造的决策与实施

针对炼油和石化工业装置技术改造的特点，系统地总结了技术改造的类型和改造方案的制定、决策及实施的原则、程序和方法，指出对炼化装置实施技术改造是一项极其复杂、极具难度的系统工程，必须结合实际情况，以投资回报最大化为原则，通过深入细致地研究和反复比选优化改造方案，并结合现场情况制定切实、可靠、安全的实施方案。     

Time-dependent deformation in an enhanced SiC/SiC composite

Time-dependent deformation in an enhanced SiC/SiC composite has been studied under constant load at high temperatures of 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C. Creep damage evolution was evaluated by a Young’s-modulus change of partial unloading and microscopic observation. The addition of the glassy phase in the matrix is very effective for protecting the composite from oxidation. The transient creep is dominant in creep life at all the temperatures. An empirical equation is proposed to describe creep behavior of the composite. It is found that creep activation energy increases with creep time at stresses lower than matrix cracking stress, but the activation energy remains constant at stresses higher than the matrix cracking stress. The creep strain rate of the composite is considered to be controlled by creep of fibers based on examining the time, strain, stress, and temperature dependencies of creep strain rates.     

SiCf/SiC陶瓷复合材料的研究进展

SiCf/SiC陶瓷复合材料具有良好的力学性能、高温抗氧化性和化学稳定性，是航空航天和原子能等领域理想的新一代高温结构材料。本文概述了增强体SiCt的发展状况及存在的问题，对SiCt/SiC材料的制备工艺、界面相的研究状态、材料的损伤破坏机理和目前的应用研究进展做了综述，并分析了SiCf/SiC陶瓷复合材料的研究重点和发展前景。     

Aroused problems in the deposition of diamond-like carbon films by using the liquid phase electrodeposition technique

Hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared by using liquid phase electrodeposition technique. The effects of the applied potential and the carbon sources on the deposition process and film structures were studied. It has been found that the organic liquids with high dielectric constants, small viscosities and the methyl group bonding to the polar group are appropriate carbon sources. The increasing of potential improves the formation of sp³ carbon during the deposition process. In a high electric field, organic molecules are polarized and reacted on the surface of the electrode, turning out DLC and other products. It is believed that the reaction follows a polarization-reaction mechanism.     

水性涂料VOC测定偏差对计算结果的影响

阐述水性涂料VOC的三项测定偏差对计算VOC结果的影响 ,指出国内现有标准的检测方法与国际标准方法存在的差距     

ZnSe棱镜折叠波导CO_2激光器的研究

研制了使用ZnSe棱镜折叠的波导CO_2激光器,提出一种CO_2激光—He-Ne激光调整光路的方法,并获得了该种折叠激光器的振荡。进一步的改进可以提高其输出功率而得到实用性的器件。     

Conducting polymers at low temperatures and high magnetic fields

Advances in the synthesis of organic conducting polymer systems has increased the electrical conductivity of these systems by several orders of magnitude in the last decade. Several practical applications are envisioned for such systems, but a thorough understanding of the conduction mechanisms and identification of the charge carriers is lacking, making design and implementation for bulk synthesis difficult. In order to clarify our understanding of the electrical properties of these systems, the resistivity and magnetoresistivity of various polymers doped near the metal - insulator transition, such as polyaniline protonated by camphor sulfonic acid (PANi-CSA) and polypyrrole doped with PF₆ (PPy-PF₆), have been studied down to 25 mK in magnetic fields up to 16 T.