用偏钛酸作原料制备纳米TiO2粉末以及颗粒相结构与光催化性能关系的研究

米用常温氨水水解TiOSO4过程中加入自制的表面活性剂制备了超细纳米TiO2粉末,用XRD,TEM和比表面仪对不同煅烧温度下的纳米TiO2粉末结构、粒径大小和比表面等进行了表征,研究了纳米TiO2粉末对甲基橙的光催化降解能力。研究表明煅烧温度在400℃～800℃时得到的纳米TiO2粉末呈锐钛矿结构,粒径约为5．5nm～9．6nm,比表面积高达189．45m^2/g;在850℃煅烧后所得的纳米TiO2粉末为锐钛矿与金红石型混晶结构;在l100℃时得到的纳米TiO2粉末为金红石型纳米TiO2粉末,同时微粒出现团聚且粒径变大。光催化实验表明：纳米TiO2粉末的光催化活性与煅烧温度密切相关,850℃煅烧1．5h所制得的混晶结构纳米TiO2粉末表现出较高的光催化活性。与国产商品纳米锐钛矿型TiO2相比,其降解甲基橙的速率约为国产商品纳米TiO2的1倍。     

硬质合金刀具电解磨削工艺研究

阐述了电解磨削硬质合金刀具的原理、特点及工艺。并对其工艺机理及影响因素进行了探讨。     

碳钢表面离子镍铬共渗的研究

本文主要介绍了碳钢双层辉光离子镍铬共渗的试验结果,探讨了渗层厚度与镍铬共渗工艺参数的关系。试验表明,镍铬共渗层厚度取决于共渗温度、保温时间和试样材料,其变动范围0～300μm,共渗层中的镍铬含量可在0～90%的范围内变动。此外,还列举了双层辉光离子镍铬共渗工艺在碳钢钢板及碳钢零件上的应用。     

几种提高微晶石锯片综合应用性能的方法

近年来，微晶石作为新型的装饰材料在我国获得了广泛的应用。针对微晶石的难加工与锯切，从在金刚石刀头胎体中添加钨粉、采用制粒工艺以及设计多层结构刀头三方面探讨提高微晶石锯片的综合应用性能。结果表明：钨粉的添加能改善金刚石刀头的性能并提高锯片的寿命；制粒技术的应用可改善金刚石在胎体中的均匀分布和提高对金刚石的把持力；多层结构刀头有效提高了锯片的锋利度和切削质量。     

Al-Li合金中δ′相沉淀过程原子图像的计算机模拟

利用微观Langevin方程对δ'用(Al3Li)沉淀过程的原子图像进行模拟研究．该方程不但能同时描述原子簇聚和有序化过程,将用分离和粗化在同一物理框架内考虑, 而且无须预先设定第二相结构,可观察到动力学演化过程中可能出现的瞬时相,模拟结果表明:对于Al-15Li(原子分数,%)合金,最初在无序基体中出现的L12相浓度与无序用相同,在L12相之间形成重位与阵界面;随后,L12相有序度进一步增加,重位点阵界面逐渐转变为L12结沟;最后形成被反相畴界分开的L12结构单相有序相,单相有序相一经形成,便开始分解,分解主要发生在反相畴界处,富Li区向平衡δ'相转化,贫Li区自发无序化,形成δ'相与无序基体共存的平衡结构,在沉淀过程后期,δ'相租化待证明显,大颗粒长大,小颗粒变小或消失,两相界面由不规则变为平直。     

Studies concerning the effect of nitrogen on the oxidation behavior of TiAl-based intermetallics at 900°C

The oxidation behavior of the titanium aluminides Ti-50Al and Ti-48Al-5Nb has been investigated in Ar+20%O₂ and in air at 900°C. Thermogravimetric studies in combination with structural analyses using optical metallography, SEM/EDX and X-ray diffraction show a marked influence of nitrogen on the composition and growth rate of the oxide scales. For a more detailed study concerning the effect of nitrogen on the scale-growth kinetics, thermogravimetrical analyses were carried out during which the gas atmosphere was changed from air to Ar–O₂, and vice versa, without intermediate cooling of the specimen. The results show, that nitrogen adversely affects the formation of the initially formed alumina scale and that it enhances the growth rate of the rapidly growing Ti-rich oxide. This effect was observed in both alloys investigated, although the thermogravimetric results at first sight indicated an opposite effect for the Nb-containing alloy. This apparent contradiction is caused by internal oxidation which occurs in this alloy during exposure in Ar–O₂.     

表面修饰TiO2光催化薄膜的表征

利用射频磁控溅射技术，以Ar和O2气混合气体为溅射气体在载玻片上制备了锐钛相TiO2薄膜。为了提高Ti02薄膜的光催化活性，在TiO2薄膜表面进行了钽修饰。利用X射线衍射(XRD)，原子力显微镜(AFM)和UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计等技术对薄膜进行了表征。结果表明：对TiO2薄膜的表面进行适量的Ta元素修饰可以提高其光催化活性。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结过程中的相变

该文对不同温度下烧结的试样作了X－射线分析，测定了不同温度下，硬质相和粘结相的点阵常数，各主要组成相X射线的相对衍射强度，并对最终烧结体进行了能谱分析。通过以上实验，确定了Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷烧结过程中所发生的相变、固溶等变化规律。     

用正交法研究稀土对20Cr钢渗碳的影响

研究了稀土种类与含量对渗碳的影响，结果表明，稀土在渗碳过程中有显著的活化催渗作用，渗碳速度提高１５％－２５％，耐磨性提高１２－１５％。通过采用二次回归正交法，对试验结果进行了统计处理，建立了渗碳温度，时间、稀土含量对渗层深度、表面硬度、表面硬度、耐磨性及冲击韧性的数学关系式。     

MODEL OF CLEAVAGE CRACK PROPAGATION ACROSS BOUNDARY

In the light of analysis of the features of cleavage fractographs of low carbon steel,the stresscriterion for cleavage crack propagation across ferrite grain boundary was established on thesupposition that resistance to the propagation results from an arbitrary mutual orientation ofthe cleavage plans in the neighbouring grains.On the basis of concept of statistical distribu-tion of cleavage plane in space,the probabilistic characteristic of cleavage process was ex-pounded,and the fracture stress of the cracked specimen over temperature range in whichfracture is initiated by cleavage mechanism was calculated by means of finite element analysisprogram and the calculated result was found to be in agreement with that measured.