低压下蒸发式稳定器结构对燃烧效率的影响

在低压条件,对蒸发式稳定器结构进行了优化,对不同方案开展了冷、热态流场三维数值研究,分析了稳定器后方冷态流场、燃油浓度场和热态流场、温度场特点。分析认为,在原蒸发式稳定器基础上,通过增大稳定器一次风进气量和U型蒸发管的长度,可以促进油气的掺混,增大回流区范围,同时采用断续进气,并将蒸发管出气孔与二次风夹角由90°减小到37.5°,可以进一步强化回流效果。最终得到的稳定器模型可以在0.08 MPa的压力条件下,将原稳定器燃烧效率由0.820提高到0.977。     

Influences of heat-treatment on the microstructure and properties of silica–titania composite aerogels

Silica–titania composite aerogels were synthesized via ambient pressure drying by using water glass and titanium tetrachloride as raw materials. The influences of heat-treatment at different temperature with different heating rate on the microstructure and properties of the composite aerogels were investigated by differential thermal analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis. The results indicate that the silica–titania composite aerogels heat-treated at 250 °C exhibited highest specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter. When the heat-treatment temperature was higher than 450 °C, the –CH₃ groups on the surface of silica–titania composite aerogels would transform into –OH groups gradually, and in the meantime, the composite aerogels network structure would be destroyed gradually and the crystallinity of TiO₂ would be improved with the increase of heat-treatment temperature. Particularly, heat-treatment at temperatures above 750 °C would cause serious damage to the network structure of the composite aerogels. The adsorption/photocatalytic activity experiments showed that the composite aerogels heat-treated at 550 °C exhibit highest darkroom adsorption efficiency, and the 650 °C-heat-treated samples exhibited highest efficiency for removing the Rhodamine B from water.     

Enantioselective Construction of Cyclic Enaminone‐Based 3‐Substituted 3‐Amino‐2‐oxindole Scaffolds via Catalytic Asymmetric Additions of Isatin‐Derived Imines

The first catalytic asymmetric construction of the cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole scaffold with potential bioactivity has been developed via chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed enantioselective addition reactions of cyclic enaminones to isatin‐derived imines, which afforded a series of cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 97% ee). The investigation of the reaction mechanism suggested that it was facilitated by a dual hydrogen‐bonding activation mode between the two substrates and the chiral phosphoric acid. Besides, this method could be utilized for a large‐scale synthesis with maintained enantioselectivity. This approach will not only offer a useful method for enantioselective construction of the cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole scaffold, but also enrich the research on catalytic asymmetric addition reactions of isatin‐derived imines by using electron‐rich olefins as nucleophiles. More importantly, a preliminary evaluation on the cytotoxicity of some selected products revealed that two of the enantio‐pure compounds exhibited moderate to strong cytotoxicity to A549, 786‐0, ECA109 and BT474 cancer cell lines.

     

Formation mechanism and microhardness characterization of the ultrasonic hardening layer in cementitious materials

Ultrasonic surface treatment (UST) is a novel treatment method to improve the durability of cementitious materials, resulting in the formation of an ultrasonic hardening layer (UHL). The UHL acts as an effective natural coating, offering penetration and erosion protection. However, the formation mechanism and the quantitative characterization of the UHL have not been studied, and the validity of the UST on the top and side surfaces of cementitious materials is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated and proposed a formation mechanism for the UHL, and defined a transition layer between the UHL and the matrix. We also utilized HV microhardness testing to provide an effective quantitative characterization method for the UHL. Finally, using a set of custom-designed ultrasonic molds, we confirmed the validity of the UST on the top and side surfaces of the cementitious materials.     

施工企业项目隐性成本控制策略研究

随着我国施工企业不断增加项目成本管理,企业规模也随之扩大。很多施工企业产值取得几倍甚至十几倍的增长,但施工企业的利润却没有得到相应的增长。因此,隐性成本成为了制约现阶段施工企业发展的主要因素。     

ACF/TiO2复合材料的制备及光催化降解偏二甲肼废水

用溶胶-凝胶法制备ACF/TiO2复合材料,并用于光催化降解偏二甲肼废水。同时,还讨论了材料的活化温度、偏二甲肼废水的初始浓度、H2O2及催化剂重复利用等因素对光催化效率的影响。实验结果表明,当材料的活化温度为300℃,体系中H2O2的浓度为0.12mol/L时,偏二甲肼的降解效果良好,偏二甲肼40min后的降解率达到99%以上。     

低碳钢的空泡腐蚀特征

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等方法对抗空泡腐蚀能力较差的普通低碳钢的空泡腐蚀主要特征进行了分析.结果表明:该钢空泡腐蚀孔外观形貌近似为马蹄形,在微观上有加工硬化现象,存在变形孪晶和变形流线等变形层,且表面上有断裂特征.     

基于欠驱动原理的5指残疾人假手设计

采用欠驱动自适应原理设计了与成年人手大小相仿的5指残疾人假手,所设计的假手结构简单,质量轻,适应性强。假手主控制器采用TMS320F2810来实现对传感器信号的采集,步进电机的控制。并利用所设计假手进行了多种抓握实验,表明该假手可对多种形状物体进行抓、握、捏等多种操作。     

主螺栓断裂对压力容器密封性能、应力及疲劳的影响分析

在理论分析和数值仿真技术基础上,研究并提出了一种主螺栓断裂对反应堆压力容器(RPV)密封性能、螺栓应力及疲劳的影响分析方法,采用该方法对主螺栓断裂影响进行了评价分析。结果表明,该方法适用于分析1根或多根主螺栓断裂情况对压力容器安全性能的影响,可以用于核电厂在运行中发生类似问题时判断反应堆能否继续运行。     

球坐标系下中子输运方程泄漏项的简便推导

采用一种恰当的方法,简便地推导出中子输运方程泄漏项在球坐标系下的表达式,该方法避免直接寻求二面角与中子飞行距离之间的复杂微分关系,转而寻求二面角与其他平面角之间的几何关系,再利用其他平面角与中子飞行距离之间的微分关系(通常是已知的或比较容易推导得到),便可间接推导出中子输运方程泄漏项在球坐标系下的表达式。该方法与传统方法推导得到的表达式完全一致,且推导过程直观、物理图像清晰。