Cytokinin Confers Brown Planthopper Resistance by Elevating Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Rice

Plants have evolved a sophisticated defense system that employs various hormone pathways to defend against attacks by insect pests. Cytokinin (CK) plays an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance, but the role of CKs in plant–insect interaction remains largely unclear. Here, we report that CKs act as a positive regulator in rice resistance against brown planthopper (BPH), a devastating insect pest of rice. We found that BPH feeding promotes CK biosynthesis and signaling in rice. Exogenous application of CKs significantly increased the rice resistance to BPH. Increasing endogenous CKs by knocking out cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKXs) led to enhanced resistance to BPH. Moreover, the levels of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the expression of JA-responsive genes were elevated by CK treatment and in OsCKXs knockout plants. Furthermore, JA-deficient mutant og1 was more susceptible to BPH, and CK-induced BPH resistance was suppressed in og1. These results indicate that CK-mediated BPH resistance is JA-dependent. Our findings provide the direct evidence for the novel role of CK in promoting insect resistance, and demonstrate that CK-induced insect resistance is JA-dependent. These results provide important guidance for effective pest management strategies in the future.     

Three-dimensional graphene and its composite for gas sensors

As a two-dimensional (2D) material,graphene shows excellent advantages in the field of gas sensors due to its inherent large specific surface area and unique el...     

In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of deformation behavior of a Nb/NiTi composite for biomedical applications

The deformation behavior involved in Nb/NiTi composite for biomedical applications within a large macroscopic strain range was investigated by tensile loading-unloading test and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction(SXRD).Experimental results show that during loading,the Nb/NiTi composite experiences the elastic elongation of B2-NiTi austenitic,B19'-NiTi martensitic and β-Nb phases,B2→ B19' stress-induced martensitic(SIM) transformation and tensile plastic deformation of β-Nb phase.During unloading,the deformation behavior involved in Nb/NiTi composite includes the elastic recovery of B2-NiTi austenitic,B19'-NiTi martensitic and β-Nb phases,reverse phase transformation B19'→B2 and compressive deformation of p-Nb phase.The martensitic transformation in this composite is almost reversible and occurs in a localized manner.These results might contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the deformation mechanism involved in Nb/NiTi composite and shed some light on design and development of novel composites with a combination of good biocompatibility and excellent superelasticity for biomedical applications.     

Possible Role of GnIH as a Novel Link between Hyperphagia-Induced Obesity-Related Metabolic Derangements and Hypogonadism in Male Mice

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a reproductive inhibitor and an endogenous orexigenic neuropeptide that may be involved in energy homeostasis and reproduction. However, whether GnIH is a molecular signal link of metabolism and the reproductive system, and thus, regulates reproductive activity as a function of the energy state, is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of GnIH in glycolipid metabolism and reproduction in vivo, and in the coupling between these two processes in the testis level. Our results showed that chronic intraperitoneal injection of GnIH into male mice not only increased food intake and altered meal microstructure but also significantly elevated body mass due to the increased mass of liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), despite the loss of testicular weight. Furthermore, chronic intraperitoneal administration of GnIH to male mice resulted in obesity-related glycolipid metabolic derangements, showing hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance through changes in the expression of glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes in the pancreas and eWAT, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of GnIH and GPR147 was markedly increased in the testis of mice under conditions of energy imbalance, such as fasting, acute hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. In addition, chronic GnIH injection markedly inhibited glucose and lipid metabolism of mice testis while significantly decreasing testosterone synthesis and sperm quality, inducing hypogonadism. These observations indicated that orexigenic GnIH triggers hyperphagia-induced obesity-related metabolic derangements and hypogonadism in male mice, suggesting that GnIH is an emerging candidate for coupling metabolism and fertility by involvement in obesity and metabolic disorder-induced reproductive dysfunction of the testes.     

高马氏体量双相钢的组织与性能研究

通过光镜、扫描电镜分析以及拉伸试验研究了高马氏体量双相钢(马氏体体积分数大于30%)在不同热处理条件下的显微组织和拉伸性能,并进一步探讨了其断裂机理.结果表明,随着两相区保温温度的升高,马氏体体积分数不断升高,导致强度不断提高.马氏体体积分数较低时,钢的断裂特征为韧性断裂;马氏体体积分数较高时,则会转变为脆性断裂.微孔在断裂表面附近形成.微孔的形态随着马氏体的比率而变化,随着马氏体体积分数的升高,微孔形态从界面结合力的丧失转为微裂纹.     

基于图像识别的路侧停车位数目检测方法研究

为了解决路侧停车位数目检测问题,本文采用基于图像识别的方法,将复杂的动态视频信息转化为简单的静态图像信息.首先,采用中值滤波、伽马变换和形态学处理等方法对感兴趣区域进行图像预处理;接着采用基于PPHT与直线聚类的方法检测停车位标记线;其次,采用二次方递减图像拼接的方法将该路段所有停车位拼接到一幅图像上,既防止了停车位数...     

殷钢荫罩彩管用弹簧片的设计及试验

本文离殷钢荫罩彩色显像管拚接式双金属弹簧片的设计及试验，确定了该管型的整管结构设计。     

Silicon-based inorganic-organic hybrid optoelectronic synaptic devices simulating cross-modal learning

With advances in Si-based technology infrastructures and the rapid integration of Si-based op-toelectronics,Si-based optoelectronic synaptic devices have the po...     

染色过程中取得深色效果的几种途径

文章针对纺织品深浓色染色较为困难的实际情况,从分析深色效果的基本理论着手,对染色中常用的提高织物上染率手段进行比较分析,并对几种取得深浓色效果的主要途径作出综述。     

一种基于软阈值方法的改进A1/A2极化干涉分类算法

在分析了极化干涉技术的发展现状和发展趋势的基础上,从极化干涉的特殊性入手,分析了干涉相干系数在极化干涉分类中的作用,并且系统分析了基于相干最优优化后的相干系数进行极化干涉分类过程的原理,总结了现有极化干涉分类算法在阈值选择方面存在的不足,阐述了硬阈值方法和软阈值方法的基本原理和它们之间的区别,最后提出基于软阈值方法的改进A1/A2非监督极化干涉分类算法,解决了极化干涉分类现有的分类空间中的阈值问题。实验表明这种方法能够得到更好的分类结果,做出了改进。