3G Trials and Developments

This paper summarises the many activities that formed a vigorous and innovative phase of understanding 3rd generation systems and their potential service/product offering.Experience from the introduction of 2nd generation GSM systems showed that, even though based upon strong standards, real hands-on development to validate the design activities was essential for both a workable standard and a smooth and successful service deployment. Trials activities are used to overcome the lack of validation and to bring innovation through integration of capabilities and devices — they consist of two areas. Firstly, a number of test radio systems were examined and used in the validation of network planning tools plus measurement or real throughput figures, and, secondly, some service scenarios were developed and implemented on an all-IP network to demonstrate that IP can deliver a marketable services level. The interaction with wireless systems and the impact of that on the application were also examined.     

Influence of flooding, salinity and inundation time on the bioavailability of metals in wetlands

Controlled flooding of lowlands is considered as a potential water management strategy to minimize the risk of flooding of inhabited areas during high water periods. However, due to industrial activities, river water, sediments and soils are often contaminated with metals which may have adverse effects on the ecosystem's structure and functioning. Additionally, salinity may greatly affect the bioavailability and toxicity of metals present or imported into these systems. The effect of contaminated soils under different flooding and salinity exposure scenarios on the growth, reproduction and metal accumulation in the oligochaete Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) were examined. In these bioassays metal contaminated soils were flooded with water of different salinities (0 and 3 psu), and tested after 0, 6 and 12 months of permanent inundation. We indeed found that inundation time had significant decreasing effects on Cu and Zn accumulation; although initial accumulation of Cu and Zn was higher in the previously unflooded soil at the start of the flooding treatment, these differences seem to disappear after 6 months of permanent inundation. Moreover, the complex interaction between substrate type and salinity suggests that redox potential is probably of major importance.     

Effect of Nonuniform Magnetic Field That Magnetizes a Ferrite Film on the Measurement Accuracy for Characteristics of Spin Waves

Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics - A magnetic system is developed to generate a stationary uniform magnetic field in a relatively large region between the poles of a magnet that...     

The effects of foveal load and visual context on peripheral letter recognition

Peripheral letter recognition was examined by presenting subjects with a letter triad centered 7.16 degrees to the right of fixation. At the same time, a single letter was presented at the point of fixation that was either the same as one of the letters in the triad or different from any of the triad letters. On other trials, no letter was presented at the point of fixation. Results supported and extended previous foveal load research. The disruptive effect of foveal load does not depend solely on the presence or absence of a foveal stimulus. Recognition of the first letter in non-words was disrupted when a foveal letter was presented that was different from the peripheral letter. Recognition of the middle letter for both words and non-words was disrupted when a foveal letter was presented that was the same as the middle letter. A significant interaction between foveal letter and triad type was also found. No evidence was found to suggest that recognition of a peripheral letter is significantly better when that same letter is also present at the point of fixation.