分布式多媒体技术的研究及其展望

伴随着“信息高速公路”的兴起,分布式多媒体这一综合的跨学科的研究领域越来越受到人们的重视。如何认识分布式多媒体技术,以及如何把握其未来的发展方向对于从事这一领域工作的科研开发人员是十分必要的,本文从计算机学科的角度出发,对分布式多媒体技术的产生、分布式多媒体的通信平台、分布式多媒体通信协议、分布式多媒体数据库及其应用等方面做了概要的阐述,并对每一部分的发展做了展望。     

1.3μm固体激光器研究进展

1.3μm波段固体激光器在多领域均有着重要作用,本文介绍了近20年来国内外不同晶体材料输出1.3μm波段激光的研究进展,包括几种常用的晶体如YAG、YVO₄、GdVO₄以及其他晶体。通过分析认为,对新材料、新机制的探索与应用是未来1.3μm波段激光器的主要发展方向。     

基于人工智能图像识别的输电线路巡检研究

为了准确、及时地发现输电线路中的缺陷,研究基于人工智能图像识别技术的输电线路立体化巡检模式。具体地,以人工智能图像识别技术为支持,借助K-means算法对立体巡检图像进行聚类处理,同时,采用人工神经网络对图像中输电线路缺陷进行智能识别。经测试,在相同工作量下,未采用本文所提技术的输电线路缺陷识别需要5个分析员持续工作15 d,平均每分钟进行2～3张图片的识别,图像识别速度为20～30 s/张;采用人工智能识别技术,识别速度高达0.25 s/张,仅需3.6 h便可以将识别任务完成。在弱光环境下,经过增强处理的图像边缘更加清晰,目标图像与背景实现明显分界,且现阶段可利用输电线路中相同部件不同角度的7张图片实现高于90%的识别准确率。另外,通过对相同条件下其他几种方法影响模型实际收敛情况的比较发现,所有方法的重构误差均呈现出逐渐降低之势,最终都趋于稳定。结果表明本文技术在立体化线路图像缺陷检测中有一定普适性,有利于工作效率的显著提升。     

智能靶标目标检测方法研究

在激光模拟训练中,具有智能打击功能的靶标装置可以更加逼真地模拟实战对抗过程,满足智能化军事训练需求。但目前大多数靶标不具备智能打击或反击功能,靶标仅能实现作为目标的被打击功能或者非智能的触发反击功能,模拟训练形式单一,靶标运动或打击功能呈现规律性,不能真实模拟敌方目标主动攻击的能力,因此为适应模拟训练发展的需求实现模拟训练智能化、提高模拟仿真程度就需要通过智能靶标来模拟敌方目标进行作战。在智能靶标的研制过程中其中首先要解决的问题就是目标检测。本研究最终目标是对战场环境中的单兵目标进行检测并做出攻击活动,故对单兵目标的检测速度和精度有较大要求,本文提出一种基于Yolov5神经网络架构提高目标检测精度、加快目标检测速度的算法,采用改进网络结构对传统的目标检测算法进行优化,保证在输入可见光图像下,能够实现快速检测,并保证检测的精度。     

锯齿型压电梁的电响应分析

压电振子的工作频带宽度是影响压电振动能量收集器发电效率的关键指标。该文旨在分析一种锯齿型阵列式压电振动能量收集器结构模态频率,为压电振子的动力学设计提供参考。首先,基于弹性梁振动理论,推导了锯齿型压电梁的动力学方程,并分析了影响压电梁模态频率的因素。然后,通过COMSOL建立锯齿形压电梁的有限元模型,分析了其频响特性、功率与负载阻抗匹配特性及加速度依赖性。最后,通过实验研究测试了锯齿型压电梁的电压幅频特性曲线,验证了理论分析与仿真模拟结果的合理性。结果表明,锯齿型阵列式压电振动能量收集器能够有效地拓宽工作频带,进而提高发电效率。     

Coordination control method to block cascading failure of a renewable generation power system under line dynamic security

The large application of renewable energy generation (REG) has increased the risk of cascading failures in the power system. At the same time REG also provides the possibility of new approaches for the suppression of such failures. However, the capacity and position of the synchronous generator (SG) involved in regulation limit the power regulation speed (PRS) of REG to the overload line which is the main cause of cascading failures, while the PRS of SG is related to the position and shedding power. REG and SGs have difficulty in achieving effective cooperation under constraints of system power balance. Particularly, the dynamic variation of line flow during power regulation causes new problems for the accurate evaluation of line thermal safety under overload. Therefore, a new strategy for quantitatively coordinating shedding power and power regulation to block cascading failures in the dynamic security domain is proposed in this paper. The control capability and dynamic security domain of the overload line are modeled, and the coordination control method based on power regulation is then proposed to minimize shedding power. The algorithm for the optimal control scheme considers the constraints of load capacity, power source capacity and bus PRS. The correctness of the proposed method is verified using case studies.     

Progress of Phosphate-based Polyanion Cathodes for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries

Aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs) are recently prevailing devices that utilize the abundant Zn resources and the merits of aqueous electrolytes to become a competitive alternative for large-scale energy storage. Benefiting from the unique inductive effect and flexible structure, the past five years have experienced a diversiform of phosphate-based polyanion materials that are used as cathodes in ARZBs. In this review, the most recent advances in the Zn²⁺ storage mechanisms and electrolyte optimization of the phosphate-based cathodes of ARZBs, which mainly focus on vanadium/iron-based phosphates and their derivatives are presented. Furthermore, in addition to significant progress on polyanion phosphate-based cathode materials, the design strategies both for electrode materials and compatible electrolytes are also elaborated to improve the energy density and extend the cycling life of aqueous Zn/polyanion batteries.     

Doped/Undoped A1-A2 Typed Copolymers as ETLs for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells

The electron transport layer (ETL) is a critical component in achieving high device performance and stability in organic solar cells. Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have become an attractive alternative due to film-forming properties and ease of preparation. However, p-type CPEs generally exhibit poor charge mobility and conductivity, incorporation of electron-withdrawing units forming alternated D-A conjugated backbone can make up for these deficiencies. Herein, the ratio of electron withdrawing moieties are further increased and two poly(A1-alt-A2) typed PIIDNDI-Br and PDPPNDI-Br based on the combination of naphthalene diimide (NDI) with isoindigo (IID) or diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) via direct arylation polycondensation are synthesized. These CPEs possess excellent alcohol solubility, a suitable lowest unocuppied molecular orbital energy level, and work function tunability. Surprisingly, the incorporation of IID and DPP units generate distinct self-doping behaviors, which are confirmed by UV–vis absorption and ESR spectra. However, no matter doped or undoped, both CPEs present better charge-transporting properties and conductivity when utilized as ETLs. The PIIDNDI-Br and PDPPNDI-Br display good universal compatibility with the blend of PM6:Y6 and PM6:L8-BO, and PCEs of 18.32% and 18.36% are obtained, respectively, which also present excellent storage stability. In short, the combination of two different acceptors demonstrates an efficient strategy to design highly efficient ETLs for high performance photovoltaic devices.     

Recent Development of Jumping Motions Based on Soft Actuators

Drawing inspiration from the jumping motions of living creatures in nature, jumping robots have emerged as a promising research field over the past few decades due to great application potential in interstellar exploration, military reconnaissance, and life rescue missions. Early reviews mainly focused on jumping robots made of lightweight and rigid materials with mechanical components, concentrating on jumping control and stability. Herein, attention is paid to the jumping mechanisms of soft actuators assembled from various soft smarting materials and powered by different stimulus sources. The challenges and prospects of soft jumping actuators are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the further development of soft jumping actuators and broaden their practical applications.