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41.
Web 2.0 technologies, such as forums and wikis, are enabling an explosion of global knowledge sharing through distributed large-scale conversations, but they seem to be less successful at supporting collaborative deliberation around complex and controversial questions. In order to cope with this limitation, many scholars have proposed to adopt on-line argumentation platforms to improve information visualization, organization and reuse. However, such research has mostly focused on the design of adequate argument-based knowledge formalisms. Less attention has been paid to the empirical analysis of actual interactions mediated by argumentation technology with reasonably large user communities. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the data obtained in the empirical test of an argumentation platform where a 160-member community created, in 3 weeks, what is to our knowledge the largest single online argument map ever built (around 5000 posts). Our results show that (i) users were able to quickly and comprehensively explore and map the debate on the selected discussion topic; (ii) substantial moderation was needed to ensure that the argument map was well-organized and users were confident with the argumentation formalism; (iii) considerable out-of-the map communication occurred, possibly as a way to allow for conversational flows inhibited by the argumentation formalism, (iv) formal rating of contributions favored exploration of the map, understanding the debate structure, and improving the quality of content. 相似文献
42.
Nordahl R Turchet L Serafin S 《IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics》2011,17(9):1234-1244
We propose a system that affords real-time sound synthesis of footsteps on different materials. The system is based on microphones, which detect real footstep sounds from subjects, from which the ground reaction force (GRF) is estimated. Such GRF is used to control a sound synthesis engine based on physical models. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the ability of subjects to recognize the surface they were exposed to was assessed. In the second experiment, the sound synthesis engine was enhanced with environmental sounds. Results show that, in some conditions, adding a soundscape significantly improves the recognition of the simulated environment. 相似文献
43.
We investigate the convergence of the price of anarchy after a limited number of moves in the classical multicast communication game when the underlying communication network is directed. Namely, a subset of nodes of the network are interested in receiving the transmission from a given source node and can share the cost of the used links according to fixed cost sharing methods. At each step, a single receiver is allowed to modify its communication strategy, that is to select a communication path from the source, and assuming a selfish or rational behavior, it will make a best response move, that is it will select a solution yielding the minimum possible payment or shared cost. We determine lower and upper bounds on the price of anarchy, that is the highest possible ratio among the overall cost of the links used by the receivers and the minimum possible cost realizing the required communications, after a limited number of moves under the fundamental Shapley cost sharing method. In particular, assuming that the initial set of connecting paths can be arbitrary, we show an $O(r\sqrt{r})We investigate the convergence of the price of anarchy after a limited number of moves in the classical multicast communication
game when the underlying communication network is directed. Namely, a subset of nodes of the network are interested in receiving
the transmission from a given source node and can share the cost of the used links according to fixed cost sharing methods.
At each step, a single receiver is allowed to modify its communication strategy, that is to select a communication path from
the source, and assuming a selfish or rational behavior, it will make a best response move, that is it will select a solution
yielding the minimum possible payment or shared cost. We determine lower and upper bounds on the price of anarchy, that is
the highest possible ratio among the overall cost of the links used by the receivers and the minimum possible cost realizing
the required communications, after a limited number of moves under the fundamental Shapley cost sharing method. In particular,
assuming that the initial set of connecting paths can be arbitrary, we show an
O(r?r)O(r\sqrt{r})
upper bound on the price of anarchy after 2 rounds, during each of which all the receivers move exactly once, and a matching
lower bound, that we also extend to
W(rk?{r})\Omega(r\sqrt[k]{r})
for any number k≥2 rounds, where r is the number of receivers. Similarly, exactly matching upper and lower bounds equal to r are determined for any number of rounds when starting from the empty state in which no path has been selected. Analogous
results are obtained also with respect to other three natural cost sharing methods considered in the literature, that is the
egalitarian, path-proportional and egalitarian-path proportional ones. Most results are also extended to the undirected case
in which the communication links are bidirectional. 相似文献
44.
We provide Stochastic Concurrent Constraint Programming (sCCP), a stochastic process algebra based on CCP, with a semantics in terms of hybrid automata. We associate with each sCCP program both a stochastic and a non-deterministic hybrid automaton. Then, we compare such automata with the standard stochastic semantics (given by a Continuous Time Markov Chain) and the one based on ordinary differential equations, obtained by a fluid-flow approximation technique. We discuss in detail two case studies: Repressilator and the Circadian Clock, with particular regard to the robustness exhibited by the different semantic models and to the effect of discreteness in dynamical evolution of such systems. 相似文献
45.
46.
Luca Bertelli Shivkumar Chandrasekaran Frédéric Gibou B. S. Manjunath 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2010,90(3):267-282
In this paper we introduce novel regularization techniques for level set segmentation that target specifically the problem
of multiphase segmentation. When the multiphase model is used to obtain a partitioning of the image in more than two regions,
a new set of issues arise with respect to the single phase case in terms of regularization strategies. For example, if smoothing
or shrinking each contour individually could be a good model in the single phase case, this is not necessarily true in the
multiphase scenario. 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
Davide Anghinolfi Roberto Montemanni Massimo Paolucci Luca Maria Gambardella 《Computers & Operations Research》2011
The sequential ordering problem is a version of the asymmetric travelling salesman problem where precedence constraints on vertices are imposed. A tour is feasible if these constraints are fulfilled, and the objective is to find a feasible solution with minimum cost. 相似文献
50.
Claudia Archetti Luca Bertazzi Giuseppe Paletta M. Grazia Speranza 《Computers & Operations Research》2011
We consider a production-distribution system, where a facility produces one commodity which is distributed to a set of retailers by a fleet of vehicles. Each retailer defines a maximum level of the inventory. The production policy, the retailers replenishment policies and the transportation policy have to be determined so as to minimize the total system cost. The overall cost is composed by fixed and variable production costs at the facility, inventory costs at both facility and retailers and routing costs. We study two different types of replenishment policies. The well-known order-up to level (OU) policy, where the quantity shipped to each retailer is such that the level of its inventory reaches the maximum level, and the maximum level (ML) policy, where the quantity shipped to each retailer is such that the inventory is not greater than the maximum level. We first show that when the transportation is outsourced, the problem with OU policy is NP-hard, whereas there exists a class of instances where the problem with ML policy can be solved in polynomial time. We also show the worst-case performance of the OU policy with respect to the more flexible ML policy. Then, we focus on the ML policy and the design of a hybrid heuristic. We also present an exact algorithm for the solution of the problem with one vehicle. Results of computational experiments carried out on small size instances show that the heuristic can produce high quality solutions in a very short amount of time. Results obtained on a large set of randomly generated problem instances are also shown, aimed at comparing the two policies. 相似文献