An empirically based path loss model for wireless channels insuburban environments

We present a statistical path loss model derived from 1.9 GHz experimental data collected across the United States in 95 existing macrocells. The model is for suburban areas, and it distinguishes between different terrain categories. Moreover, it applies to distances and base antenna heights not well-covered by existing models. The characterization used is a linear curve fitting the decibel path loss to the decibel-distance, with a Gaussian random variation about that curve due to shadow fading. The slope of the linear curve (corresponding to the path loss exponent, γ) is shown to be a random variate from one macrocell to another, as is the standard deviation σ of the shadow fading. These two parameters are statistically modeled, with the dependencies on base antenna height and terrain category made explicit. The resulting path loss model applies to base antenna heights from 10 to 80 m, base-to-terminal distances from 0.1 to 8 km, and three distinct terrain categories     

Heat transfer rate predictions in condensation on droplets from air-steam mixtures

This paper describes simulations of the combined heat and mass transfer to single water droplets falling freely in air-steam mixtures. The effects of droplet size, initial velocity, and concentration of steam in the mixture are discussed. The results are to be used in the design synthesis of steam dousing chambers in which sprays containing droplets whose diameters range as high as 6 mm. are used.     

Power peakings in mixed TRIGA cores

Modern Monte-Carlo codes (e.g. MCNP) allow calculation of the power density distribution in 3D geometry assuming detailed geometry without unit-cell homogenization. The power density distribution (and its maximum value—the peaking) can be calculated ‘point-wise’ with the resolution of approximately 1 mm. Results of the detailed power density distribution calculated by MCNP are presented for 250 kW TRIGA Mark II reactor, assuming various realistic and hypothetical core-loading patterns with focus on the mixed cores. Combinations of 8.5 w/o, 12 w/o, 20 w/o and 30 w/o low-enriched (20%) fresh TRIGA fuel rods are systematically treated in the mixed cores. The power peaking factor value and position strongly depends on the core configuration. Power peakings are usually found in fuel rods with higher uranium content especially if they are inserted near the core centre. The results are conservative and can be applied in planning realistic mixed core-loading patterns.