Solid-state spun fibers and yarns from 1-mm long carbon nanotube forests synthesized by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition

We report continuous carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers and yarns dry-drawn directly from water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown forests with about 1-mm height. As-drawn CNT fibers exist as aerogel and can be transformed into more compact fibers through twisting or densification with a volatile organic liquid. CNT fibers are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the post-treated CNT fibers are investigated. The resulting fibers show the work of rupture of 30 J/g and DC electrical conductivity of 5.0 × 10⁴ S/m.     

北京智化寺藏殿:一种空间营造思想的研究

北京智化寺藏殿建筑梁架、斗栱、彩画、雕饰与造像完整,是一处难得的完整保留了明代空间特色的建筑遗存。本文以智化寺藏殿及其经藏为主要研究对象,首先通过文字史料与遗迹现象互证,廓清智化寺营造史与藏殿形制中的两大“反常”之处：“快速建造”与“不能转的转轮经藏”,并指出后者可能为明正统年间的新创形式。其次,通过对相关图像与实物的比较及对历史环境的分析,探讨新形式可能的来源。最后,尝试重建明正统年间智化寺藏殿的空间意象,并解析这些意象背后的四种突破“常规”的形式操作方法：一,功能的集约化;二,意义的整合与渗透; 三,空间的轴线、比例与分层;四,装饰表皮与结构骨架分离。通过对营造意图与操作方法的双重解读,得以更加深入地认识古代营造者面对特定问题时展现的设计智慧。     

Discovery of Quinoline‐Derived Trifluoromethyl Alcohols,Determination of Their in vivo Toxicity and Anticancer Activity in a Zebrafish Embryo Model

In this study the rational design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of quinoline‐derived trifluoromethyl alcohols were evaluated. Members of this novel class of trifluoromethyl alcohols were identified as potent growth inhibitors in a zebrafish embryo model. Synthesis of these compounds was carried out with an sp³‐C?H functionalization strategy of methyl quinolines with trifluoromethyl ketones. A zebrafish embryo model was also used to explore the toxicity of ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethyl)butanoate ( 1 ), 2‐benzyl‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)propan‐2‐ol ( 2 ), and trifluoro‐3‐(isoquinolin‐1‐yl)‐2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)propan‐2‐ol ( 3 ). Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be more toxic than compound 1 ; apoptotic staining assays indicated that compound 3 causes increased cell death. In vitro cell proliferation assays showed that compound 2 , with an LC₅₀ value of 14.14 μm , has more potent anticancer activity than cisplatin. This novel class of inhibitors provides a new direction in the discovery of effective anticancer agents.     

Towards a hydrodynamic modelling framework appropriate for applications in urban flood assessment and mitigation using heterogeneous computing

We present a new hydrodynamic modelling framework capable of fully exploiting modern graphics and central processing units (GPUs and CPUs) from any of the mainstream vendors, to be used in the design and assessment of sustainable drainage systems. A finite-volume Godunov-type scheme is combined with the HLLC Riemann solver to create a robust numerical model which correctly addresses wetting and drying and transient flow conditions, and is suitable for application to a wide range of flood simulations. The software is tested with a three day flood event in Carlisle during 2005, at resolutions from 25 m to 2 m. Run-times are significantly reduced without compromising numerical accuracy. Excellent agreement is found between the simulation results and a comprehensive post-event survey. Changes in sensitivity to Manning's n are examined at different resolutions, with changes to the floodplain found to have little influence at 2 m resolution.     

中国营造学社的学术之路——"纪念中国营造学社成立80周年学术研讨会"综述

中国营造学社成立于1929年,在其成立以后的10余年间,学社在朱启钤先生的领导与梁思成、刘敦桢两位先生的鼎力支持下,取得了极其丰硕的学术成果,使原本在世界建筑史学领     

基于并联机构的三维动力吸振器各向同性设计及减振特性研究

针对动力机械设备的多维线谱耦合振动控制问题,提出一种基于并联机构的三维动力吸振器,它具有模块化、附加质量小等优点。构造出采用一组关节坐标刻画的动力学方程,在此基础上推导出该新型动力吸振器的模态解析解,得到动力学各向同性条件,并据此设计出一款可抑制50 Hz线谱振动的动力吸振器。探讨了该动力吸振器在动力机械设备多维线谱耦合振动控制中的有效性及优势。分析结果表明：不同于单向动力吸振器仅能抑制其自由度方向的线谱振动,新型三维动力吸振器在三个垂直方向上对50 Hz附近线谱振动的最大减振效果均高于7 dB。     

Two fast tree-creation algorithms for genetic programming

Genetic programming is an evolutionary optimization method that produces functional programs to solve a given task. These programs commonly take the form of trees representing LISP s-expressions, and a typical evolutionary run produces a great many of these trees. For this reason, a good tree-generation algorithm is very important to genetic programming. This paper presents two new tree-generation algorithms for genetic programming and for “strongly typed” genetic programming, a common variant. These algorithms are fast, allow the user to request specific tree sizes, and guarantee probabilities of certain nodes appearing in trees. The paper analyzes these two algorithms, and compares them with traditional and recently proposed approaches     

Engine knock and combustion characteristics of a spark ignition engine operating with varying hydrogen and carbon monoxide proportions

Varying proportions of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas) have been investigated as a spark ignition (SI) engine fuel in this paper. It is important to understand how various synthesis gas compositions effect important SI combustion fundamentals, such as knock and burn duration, because in synthesis gas production applications, the compositions can vary significantly depending on the feedstock and production method.A single cylinder cooperative fuels research (CFR) engine was used to investigate the knock and combustion characteristics of three blends of synthesis gas (H₂/CO ratio); 1) 100/0, 2) 75/25, and 3) 50/50, by volume. These blends were tested at three compression ratios (6:1, 8:1, and 10:1), and three equivalence ratios (0.6, 0.7, and 0.8).It was revealed that the knock limited compression ratio (KLCR) of a H₂/CO mixture increases with increasing CO fraction, for a given spark timing. For a given equivalence ratio and spark timing, a 50%/50% H₂/CO mixture produced a KLCR of 8:1 compared to a 100% H₂ condition, which produced a KLCR of 6:1. The burn duration and ignition lag is also increased with increasing CO fraction. The results from this work are important for those considering using synthesis gas as a fuel in SI engines. It reveals that although CO is a slow burning fuel, higher CO fractions in synthesis gas can be beneficial, because of its increased resistance to knock, which gives it the potential of producing higher indicated efficiencies through the utilization of an engine with a higher compression ratio.     

Synthesis,characterization and comparative OFET behaviour of indenofluorene–bithiophene and terthiophene alternating copolymers

The synthesis of alternating copolymers of tetraalkylindenofluorene with bithiophene and terthiophene using Suzuki polycondensation route is reported. We report on the optical and electrochemical properties of these copolymers. AFM analysis of the microscopic morphology of thin deposits showed that the copolymer with terthiophene units produced the more ordered films, with well-defined fibrillar structures, resulting from highly-regular dense packing due to strong π–π interchain interactions, in contrast to the amorphous bithiophene copolymer. Upon testing these materials in FETs the terthienyl copolymers displayed the higher charge mobilities among the studied compounds, with values of over 10^?4 cm² V^?1 s^?1 being obtained.