Sustainable reference methodology for energy end-use efficiency data in the EU

One of the most important goals of the European energy policy involves the implementation of energy-efficiency measures in large scale so as to promote sustainable development in the European Union (EU) level. The multidimensional character of energy end-use efficiency (EEE) necessitates the collection of a number of related data, apart from the performance and system parameters data, such as socio-economic (e.g., employment, turnover) and Research and Development (R&D) expenditures. Moreover, improved co-ordination of EEE programmes and policies of the community and the member states so as a unified acceptable system to be developed for the monitoring of the EEE data with respect to the existing targets is of significant importance. Even though data-gathering efforts have been implemented, a lot of fragmented data and deduced findings are currently available, which sometimes lack consistency and verification. In this context, the main aim of the paper is to present a sustainable reference methodology for validating EEE data in EU, through the review of existing approaches and methods, defining of most relevant inconsistencies and gaps and provision of recommendations for improvements in EEE data aggregation and statistical interpretation, taking into consideration the related analysis of statisticians, energy technology experts and energy socio-economists.     

大电网下基于故障域的PMU配置和故障定位新方法

提出一种基于故障域的PMU配置和故障定位新方法。根据故障时PMU可观性的配置要求,在假想故障下划分全网的故障配置域,进行了基于故障配置域的PMU整数线性规划配置。系统发生故障时,根据各故障域内附加差动电流的响应,确定实时故障域,在实时故障域内采用虚拟电流法对故障进行了精确测距。算例分析表明,所提方法以少数的PMU配置实现故障网络的拓扑可观,为构建可靠经济的强壮电网监测系统提供了参考;故障域的实时响应使得快速锁定故障区域,防备连锁跳闸误动作成为可能;并且文中的故障测距技术对各种故障类型、故障位置以及线路结构均有良好的定位效果。