Effectiveness of pressurised carbon dioxide for inactivation of Escherichia coli isolated from sewage sludge

This research explored the possible application of pressurised carbon dioxide (P CO(2)), a promising non-thermal sterilisation technique, for the treatment of sewage sludge (SS) before anaerobic digestion to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms. Escherichia coli was selected as the test organism and was isolated from SS and maintained in pure culture. The growth curve of the isolated strain was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) in liquid culture medium and relating this information to the spread plate count so that a culture of known cell density could be grown for optimisation experiments. Inactivation of E. coli was enhanced by increase in pressure (1,500, 2,000 and 2,800 kPa) and treatment time (from 0.75 to 24 h). A short exposure time at high pressure was sufficient to provide a degree of inactivation which could also be achieved by longer exposure at lower pressure. Complete inactivation (8 log(10) reduction) was possible at all three pressures. scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy studies of E. coli treated with P CO(2) revealed that the cell walls were ruptured, and the cytoplasm was unevenly distributed and had lost its density, indicating the possible leakage of intracellular substances.     

伊泰普空心重力坝(第二部分)

二、大坝基础基础地质伊泰普混凝土建筑物基岩为厚度20～60米的玄武岩流。较厚的岩流中,有因熔岩冷却收缩时所产生的水平和垂直断裂,许多擦痕面表明,沿某些断裂面有数毫米的错动。一些熔岩流的表面已被风积层所掩盖。从坝的稳定观点来看,摩阻力低而且沿可能破坏面没有明显的不平度的近水平的不连续面是值得重视的,自1972年以来,对坝址进行了全面     

颗粒间相互作用对宽浅坡面流输移能力影响的试验观测

流域上游地区的土壤侵蚀及与其相关的泥沙运移是影响流域地表径流水质的重要过程，被侵蚀的泥沙大部分由坡面流输移，目前的泥沙输移关系都是从剪切力概念或河道能量概念引出的，而这些概念却都是仅仅基于流体力学的。泥沙的运移都单一地依赖于水流剪切力或能量的阈值条件，这一理论的前提是：①泥沙初始运移需要的最小剪切力或临界剪切力，或者最小、临界河道能量；②泥沙输移率和剪切力或河道能量与其临界值的差值密切相关。这些关系或许可以用来描述泥沙在河道中的输移，却不能反映出泥沙在宽浅坡面流中输移的微观机制或物理过程。流域的上游地区，在上临界弗如德数的水力条件下，坡面流含沙量的变化范围非常大。在宽浅坡面流的试验研究中，泥沙按照逐步控制方式添加到坡面流中，并且通过测量来确定颗粒速度与含沙量之问的关系。在不同的水力条件下，存在最大的泥沙输移率，对泥沙颗粒运移的观测表明：泥沙输移方式是跳跃式的，在这些条件下，水流状态受控于包含了很大部分动能的滚动波，因此滚动波是薄层流泥沙侵蚀及输移过程中的主要能量来源。     

Image blurring of thick specimens due to MeV transmission electron scattering: a Monte Carlo study

Image blurring of MeV transmission electrons for gold nanoparticles on the top surface of micrometer-thick specimens has been investigated using the Monte Carlo simulation. Both the simulated line density profile and therefore image blurring were in good agreement with the experimental ones in the ultrahigh voltage electron microscope. Quantitative effects of specimen thickness and electron energy on image blurring were presented, in which the specimen thickness had a greater influence. Image blurring was demonstrated to be caused mainly by multiple elastic scattering, but it could be reduced to several nanometers for a 5?μm thick epoxy-resin specimen at the electron energy of 2?MeV.     

具有半绝缘隐埋型异质结构的高速和低驱动电压的InGaAs／InGaAsP MQW电吸收调

本文介绍使用平面内带隙能量控制技术和低电容半绝缘BH工艺制造的MQW电吸收调制器集成的DFB激光器。该器件的阈值电流低达5．4mA，而调制效率则高达13dB/2V，只用1V的调制电压（峰间值）所进行的10Gbit/s调制，说明此器件具有用于1．55μm的电吸收调制的潜在价值。     

MPNIM结构光致变电容效应

本文报告了作者之一首先发现的MPNIM(金属-P型半导体-N型半月比-绝缘体-金属)结构的光致变电容效应。基于该效应已研制出新器件:半导体双向光控变容器.新器件的电容值与入射光强的关系,光谱响应特性,频率特性,C-V特性,温度特性已被研究.     

Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piecewise threshold probing of a matched filter response

We describe an automated method to locate and outline blood vessels in images of the ocular fundus. Such a tool should prove useful to eye care specialists for purposes of patient screening, treatment evaluation, and clinical study. Our method differs from previously known methods in that it uses local and global vessel features cooperatively to segment the vessel network. We evaluate our method using hand-labeled ground truth segmentations of 20 images. A plot of the operating characteristic shows that our method reduces false positives by as much as 15 times over basic thresholding of a matched filter response (MFR), at up to a 75% true positive rate. For a baseline, we also compared the ground truth against a second hand-labeling, yielding a 90% true positive and a 4% false positive detection rate, on average. These numbers suggest there is still room for a 15% true positive rate improvement, with the same false positive rate, over our method. We are making all our images and hand labelings publicly available for interested researchers to use in evaluating related methods.     

QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL AND SIMULATION OF GaAs/AlGaAs QUANTUM WELL INFRARED PHOTO- DETECTOR-Ⅰ OPTICAL ASPECTS

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｆｒａｒｅｄｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｋｅｙｆａｃｔｏｒｉｎｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ 4 0 ｙｅａｒｓ .Ｓｉｎｃｅ 1970 ,ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｓｌｉｋｅＩｎＳｂａｎｄＨｇＣｄＴｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｆｏｒｖａｒｉｏｕｓｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ .Ｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｄｂｙｓｍａｒｔｔｈｅｒｍａｌｉｍａｇｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍｃｈａｎｇｅｄｆｒｏｍｓｉｎｇｌｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｄｅｖｉｃｅｔｏｆｏｃａｌｐｌａｎａｒｒａｙｓ(ＦＰＡｓ)ｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆ 80’ｓ [1].Ｔｏｄａｙ’ｓｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｓｌａｒｇｅｌｙｏｎｆｏｃａｌｐｌａｎａｒｒａｙｓ ,ｅｘｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｆｏｒｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ ,ｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓａｎｄｌａｒｇｅｆｏｒｍａｔｓｃａｌｅｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ .ＨｇＣｄＴｅ...     

红外二极管激光器双光束分光计

本文介绍纪录高分辨率红外吸收光谱的一台带二极激光器的完整的分光计。其光学装置不仅适合二极管激光器的特点,而且也可以与其它激光光源连用。由于采用双光束技术,解决了激光功率变化的问题。本文还讨论光学调校和电子信号检测问题,并且介绍其典型光谱。     

Research on Laser Direct Deposition Process of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Laser direct deposition （LDD） of metallic components is an advanced technology of combining CAD/CAM （computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing）, high power laser, and rapid prototyping. This technology uses laser beam to melt the powders fed coaxiaUy into the molten pool by the laser beam to fabricate fuUy dense metallic components. The present article mainly studies the LDD of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which can be used to fabricate aircraft components. The mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, fabricated by LDD, are obtained using the tension test, and the oxygen content of used powders and deposited specimens are measured. In the present article, it can be seen that the mechanical properties obtained using this method are higher than the ones obtained by casting, and equal to those got by wrought anneal. One aircraft part has been made using the LDD process. Because of this aircraft part, with sophisticated shape, the effect of the laser scanning track on the internal soundness of the deposited part was discussed.