3 cases of post-stapedectomy labyrinthine fistula

Three cases are presented of labyrinthine fistula which suddenly arose in patients who had undergone stapedectomy interposing a vein graft from the back of the hand. These patients had all enjoyed 12-15 years apparently problem free period before the fistula occurred. In all three cases the fistula was accompanied by objective dizziness and varying degrees of sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. The patients underwent revision surgery which identified the fistula and the endolymph oozing out of the graft from the previously installed prosthesis. The authors present the cases, describe how the symptoms arose and the results obtained with revision surgery. Finally, they discuss the need to first perform stapedotomy with a platinar hole; they indicate that the number of cases of total or partial stapedectomy should be limited only to those cases characterized by anatomical variations and/or whenever complications arise during surgery.     

Protective effects of CD-832 on organ damage in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

Effects of a newly developed Ca2+ channel antagonist, (4R)-(-)-2-(nicotinoylamino)ethyl 3 nitrooxypropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl) 3,5-pyridine-dicarboxylate (CD-832), on hypertensive complications in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs) were compared with effects of diltiazem. We examined changes in histological and hematological parameters in SHRSPs given the following treatments at 8 to 20 weeks of age: (a) CD-832; (b) diltiazem; (c) no treatment. CD-832 and diltiazem were added to the diet, in doses of 0.05 and 0.15% (approximately 30 and 100 mg/kg per day), respectively, throughout the experimental period. In untreated control SHRSPs, systolic blood pressure increased and severe renal lesions such as fibrinoid necrosis, smooth muscle proliferation, glomerular and tubular lesions and some cardiac fibrosis were observed at age 20 weeks. 12-week repeated-administration of CD-832 and diltiazem led to a comparable hypotension and decreased heart rate. CD-832 and diltiazem decreased the ratios of weights of kidney and heart to body weight and the concentration of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum, compared to values in controls. In SHRSPs treated with CD-832 and diltiazem, the incidence of renal lesions and myocardial fibrosis was significantly reduced when compared with control SHRSPs. These results suggest that 12-week repeated-administration of CD-832 prevents the development of hypertension and the incidence of organ damage in SHRSPs. CD-832 and diltiazem were equally efficacious in preventing organ damage but this organ-protective effect was obtained at a lower dose for CD-832 (30 mg/kg per day) than that of diltiazem (100 mg/kg per day).     

Communication network protocol for real-time distributed controland its LSI implementation

A new token-passing mechanism, priority token passing, which features real-time access and fast detection and recovery of transmission errors, is discussed in detail in comparison with standard token-passing protocols, and its large-scale integration (LSI)-oriented design concept is described. Priority token passing includes only a small performance overhead, due to its switching functions, which can change network topology from ring to broadcast medium. A token-holding node passes the token to another node after determining the successor through priority comparison. Errors occurring during token passing can, thus, be detected and corrected simply and promptly. Priority token passing has a simple hardware implementation, requiring only small additions to the frame control circuitry, and has a small implementation overhead. The priority token-passing protocol and two other important network communication functions, dual ring network reconfiguration and high-level data link control (HDLC) normal response mode-based message transmission, are designed as a single finite-state machine, and implemented into a compact LSI chip. This integrated instrument network (IINET) chip provides complete network communication services and requires only three additional external electronic components for operation     

Activity-composition relations of MnO in MnO-CrO x -CaO-SiO2-containing melts

The MnO activities in (MnO-CrO _x -CaO-SiO₂)-containing melts, which were saturated with the (Mn, Cr)₃O₄ spinel phase, were determined at 1500 °C under an oxygen partial pressure of 10^−8.99 atm. This was done by equilibrating the samples with platinum. The activity of MnO in the melt was then calculated from the activity coefficient of manganese in the resultant Pt-Cr-Mn alloy. Darken’s quadratic formalism for ternary metallic solutions was used to calculate the activity coefficient of manganese in the Pt-Cr-Mn system, in which platinum was considered to be the solvent. It was found that an increase in the concentration of MnO in the melt increases both the MnO activity and the activity coefficient of MnO. For a constant MnO concentration in the (MnO-CrO _x -CaO-SiO₂)-containing melts, the activity of MnO can be increased by increasing the basicity of the melt. In order to obtain high-manganese recoveries from (MnO-CrO _x -CaO-SiO₂)-containing melts into an alloy phase, basic slags in which the activity coefficient of MnO is high should therefore be used.     

Infrequent association: massive inguinoscrotal bladder hernia, multiple scrotal lithiasis, and bilateral obstructive uropathy]

BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: Surgical treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation associated with advanced valvular disease remains controversial, mainly due to the difficulty in choosing between valve replacement or reconstructive surgery. Failure to correct tricuspid regurgitation during valvular surgery carries a poor prognosis, as reoperation may represent a significant risk to the patient. Thus correct tricuspid valve surgery is vital to achieve improved early and long-term clinical results. METHODS: A total of 142 patients underwent concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty with mitral valve replacement and their clinical outcome was assessed. RESULTS: Overall hospital mortality rate was 11.3%. Seven patients died during follow up. The overall actuarial survival rate for 10 years was 74.1 +/- 14.2%. Postoperatively, 75.8% of the patients had no residual tricuspid insufficiency, while 24.2% had first- or second-degree tricuspid insufficiency and were treated medically. All patients were in NHYA functional class I or II postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Clinically, it is important to assess the severity of functional tricuspid insufficiency before and/or during the operation. Bicuspidalization annuloplasty for functional tricuspid insufficiency has provided good results, with a low incidence of reoperation and significant clinical improvement. The technique could be used in most patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation.     

Biochemical alterations of the tunica albuginea in impotence

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to quantify the immunohistochemical stainings of collagen types I, III and IV, and investigate the value of glycohistochemical staining with 3 lectin types specific to a particular glycan structure, Arachis hypogaea, Triticum vulgare and concanavalin A, as a method of defining possible changes in the collagen structure of the tunica albuginea in potent and impotent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 4 normal men, 4 with pure venous leakage and 4 with pure arterial disease. Collagen types I, III and IV, and lectins Arachis hypogaea, Triticum vulgare and concanavalin A were studied using a cell image processor. The labeling index relates to the percentage of staining and mean optical density relates to the staining intensity. RESULTS: Mean labeling index values for the 3 types of collagen and lectins were similar (p > 0.05). Mean optical density value relating to collagen type I was significantly higher in the arteriogenic group than in the other groups (p < 0.05), while mean optical density value of collagen type IV was significantly higher in the venogenic group than in the 2 other groups (p < 0.05). Mean optical density values relating to the 3 lectin types were similar in the 3 clinical groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An alteration in the distribution and structure of the various collagen types and lectins in the tunica albuginea of impotent patients has been shown that may interfere with normal function and lead to impotence.     

An artificial intelligent diagnostic system on differential recognition of hematopoietic cells from microscopic images

The endothelium participates actively in homeostatic mechanisms such as the regulation of vascular tone and maintenance of a nonthrombotic environment, as well as directing biological responses such as leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites. Disruption of these processes leads to disease. In the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome autoantibodies provoke the endothelium to develop a prothrombotic surface. In systemic vasculitides associated with presence of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies, it is likely that the autoantibodies incite premature neutrophil activation, disrupted neutrophil-endothelium interactions and endothelial damage. This review considers how normal endothelial functions may be subverted in disease and how active endothelial responses may contribute to disease.     

Exploring linkage of chromosome 18 markers and bipolar disease

Effect of oral administration of fenvalerate, a pyrethroid insecticide was studied in different behavioral paradigms in mice. Fenvalerate at 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg dose increased start latency, decreased ambulation and rearing in open-field, increased immobility in tail-suspension test and attenuated haloperidol-induced catalepsy in a dose-dependent manner. The time-course of data shows that these effects of fenvalerate may sustain up to several hours of its oral administration. The study indicates that pyrethroids can cause adverse behavioral effects even after a very low-level exposure. Although, it is difficult to extrapolate these findings directly to behavioral changes in man, they indicate that subtle behavioral dysfunction also occur in humans at exposures which do not cause acute toxicity.