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排序方式: 共有940条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
The influence of different types of iron salts (i.e., ferrous or ferric cations with sulphate, nitrate or chloride anions) on the reaction between coarse thermomechanical pulp and acid hydrogen peroxide (Fenton chemistry) was studied when the initial pH was 3.2 and 5.3. Also, ferric ions chelated with EDTA or EDG at different molar ratios were compared with ferrous sulphate when the initial pH was extended from about 3 to 8. Different anions of ferric ion salt gave a similar catalytic effect. At an initial pH of 7–8, the ferric-EDTA catalyzed reaction resulted in similar or higher hydrogen peroxide consumption and more detectable hydroxyl radicals than the ferrous sulphate catalyzed reaction, but less reaction with the pulp was indicated. Between pH 5–8, using Fe-EDG as a catalyst gave higher hydrogen peroxide consumption and more detectable hydroxyl radicals than if using ferrous sulphate; however, the measured effect on the pulp was similar or less. 相似文献
52.
Madelene Lindkvist Mulugeta M. Zegeye Magnus Grenegrd Liza U. Ljungberg 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
Vascular endothelial cells express glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which is utilized as a signaling receptor by cytokines in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family. Several IL-6 family cytokines can be found in the circulatory system during physiological or pathological conditions, and may influence endothelial function and response. This study evaluated and compared the cellular and molecular responses induced by IL-6 family cytokines in human endothelial cells. A proteomic analysis showed that IL-6 family cytokines induce the release of a range of proteins from endothelial cells, such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 23, hepatocyte growth factor, and IL-6. Pathway analysis indicated that gp130-signaling in endothelial cells regulates several functions related to angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment. The present investigation also disclosed differences and similarities between different IL-6 family cytokines in their ability to induce protein release and regulate gene expression and intracellular signaling, in regards to which oncostatin M showed the most pronounced effect. Further, this study showed that soluble gp130 preferentially blocks trans-signaling-induced responses, but does not affect responses induced by classic signaling. In conclusion, IL-6 family cytokines induce both specific and overlapping molecular responses in endothelial cells, and regulate genes and proteins involved in angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment. 相似文献
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54.
The temporal phases of autoignition and combustion in an HCCI engine have been investigated in both an all-metal engine and a matching optical engine. Gasoline, a primary reference fuel mixture (PRF80), and several representative real-fuel constituents were examined. Only PRF80, which is a two-stage ignition fuel, exhibited a “cool-flame” low-temperature heat-release (LTHR) phase. For all fuels, slow exothermic reactions occurring at intermediate temperatures raised the charge temperature to the hot-ignition point. In addition to the amount of LTHR, differences in this intermediate-temperature heat-release (ITHR) phase affect the fuel ignition quality. Chemiluminescence images of iso-octane show a weak and uniform light emission during this phase. This is followed by the main high-temperature heat-release (HTHR) phase. Finally, a “burnout” phase was observed, with very weak uniform emission and near-zero heat-release rate (HRR). To better understand these combustion phases, chemiluminescence spectroscopy and chemical-kinetic analysis were applied for the single-stage ignition fuel, iso-octane, and the two-stage fuel, PRF80. For both fuels, the spectrum obtained during the ITHR phase was dominated by formaldehyde chemiluminescence. This was similar to the LTHR spectrum of PRF80, but the emission intensity and the temperature were much higher, indicating differences between the ITHR and LTHR phases. Chemical-kinetic modeling clarified the differences and similarities between the LTHR and ITHR phases and the cause of the enhanced ITHR with PRF80. The HTHR spectra for both fuels were dominated by a broad CO continuum with some contribution from bands of HCO, CH, and OH. The modeling showed that the CO+O→CO2+hν reaction responsible for the CO continuum emission tracks the HTHR well, explaining the strong correlation observed experimentally between the total chemiluminescence and HRR during the HTHR phase. It also showed that the CO continuum does not contribute to the ITHR and LTHR chemiluminescence. Bands of H2O and O2 in the red and IR regions were also detected during the HTHR, which the data indicated were most likely due to thermal excitation. The very weak light emission in the “burnout” phase also appeared to be thermal emission from H2O and O2. 相似文献
55.
Nina Hammer Ingvar Kvande Wouter van Beek De Chen Magnus Rønning 《Topics in Catalysis》2007,45(1-4):25-29
In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been performed to investigate the active site on Au-based catalysts in the water-gas
shift (WGS) reaction. The surface area and hence the WGS activity is higher for AuTiO2 catalysts supported on carbon nanofibres (CNF) than TiO2. The WGS reaction rate depends on the Au coordination number with an apparent maximum close to eight which corresponds to
a particle size of approximately 2.5–3.0 nm. A likely cause for the changes in the electronic structure of Au is the adsorption
of CO on the surface, which also creates a small positive charge in the Au atoms. The catalytic activity significantly improves
when titania is present compared to Au deposited directly on CNF. 相似文献
56.
Given a collection of parameterized multi-robot controllers associated with individual behaviors designed for particular tasks,this paper considers the problem ... 相似文献
57.
Dag Slotfeldt-Ellingsen Elisabeth Magnus Eric Ekern Egil Holtmon Lars Corneliussen 《Polymer Composites》1986,7(6):431-434
Entrapped air can commonly lead to large delaminations in thick walled sheet molding compound (SMC) products. In this work different sources of air entrapment in SMC are investigated. The critical process is shown to be the impregnation of the fibers. If no surface active additives are used, large volumes of air may be entrapped in this process, unless the viscosity of the compound is very low. In this situation of poor wetting, the viscosity of the compound during fiber impregnation will critically determine the interlaminar, tensile strength of the product. However, if surface active additives are used, the air escapes entrapment even at relatively high viscosities. The lowering of the viscosity, which is a side effect of the additives, has practically no importance under these conditions of good wetting. Large numbers of small air bubbles are also entrapped during the mixing of the components, but it is shown that these bubbles have very little effect on the mechanical properties of the finished part. 相似文献
58.
Selective Remanent Ambipolar Charge Transport in Polymeric Field‐Effect Transistors For High‐Performance Logic Circuits Fabricated in Ambient
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59.
60.
Magnus Bäckström Mohammad Al-Emrani Rober Kliger 《Construction and Building Materials》2009,23(12):3556-3563
The shape of timber changes due to variations in moisture content (MC). Analytical models, which explain how the cladding restrains the timber studs that are prone to twist, are presented. The models are used for parametric studies of various properties, such as longitudinal shrinkage, torsional modulus of elasticity and cross-sectional size of the timber stud and stiffness of the cladding. With respect to twist, the bending stiffness of the cladding is of great importance. Large bending stiffness increases the restraint in the twist-prone studs and results in a straighter wall. Low torsional stiffness in the studs makes it easier for the cladding to restrain twist. 相似文献