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61.
Interactive priming of biochar and labile organic matter mineralization in a smectite-rich soil 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Biochar is considered as an attractive tool for long-term carbon (C) storage in soil. However, there is limited knowledge about the effect of labile organic matter (LOM) on biochar-C mineralization in soil or the vice versa. An incubation experiment (20 °C) was conducted for 120 days to quantify the interactive priming effects of biochar-C and LOM-C mineralization in a smectitic clayey soil. Sugar cane residue (source of LOM) at a rate of 0, 1, 2, and 4% (w/w) in combination with two wood biochars (450 and 550 °C) at a rate of 2% (w/w) were applied to the soil. The use of biochars (~ -36‰) and LOM (-12.7‰) or soil (-14.3‰) with isotopically distinct δ(13)C values allowed the quantification of C mineralized from biochar and LOM/soil. A small fraction (0.4-1.1%) of the applied biochar-C was mineralized, and the mineralization of biochar-C increased significantly with increasing application rates of LOM, especially during the early stages of incubation. Concurrently, biochar application reduced the mineralization of LOM-C, and the magnitude of this effect increased with increasing rate of LOM addition. Over time, the interactive priming of biochar-C and LOM-C mineralization was stabilized. Biochar application possesses a considerable merit for long-term soil C-sequestration, and it has a stabilizing effect on LOM in soil. 相似文献
62.
Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt Anne-Mari Mustonen Rebecca Conway Catherine Pal Lora Harris Seppo Saarela Ursula Strandberg Petteri Nieminen 《Lipids》2010,45(2):111-128
Hepatic lipidosis is a common pathological finding in the American mink (Neovison vison) and can be caused by nutritional imbalance due to obesity or rapid body weight loss. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the timeline and characterize the development of hepatic lipidosis in mink in response to 0–7 days of food deprivation and liver recovery after 28 days of re-feeding. We report here the effects on hematological and endocrine variables, body fat mobilization, the development of hepatic lipidosis and the alterations in the liver lipid classes and tissue fatty acid (FA) sums. Food deprivation resulted in the rapid mobilization of body fat, most notably visceral, causing elevated hepatosomatic index and increased liver triacylglycerol content. The increased absolute amounts of liver total phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine suggested endoplasmic reticulum stress. The hepatic lipid infiltration and the altered liver lipid profiles were associated with a significantly reduced proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the livers and the decrease was more evident in the females. Likewise, re-feeding of the female mink resulted in a more pronounced recovery of the liver n-3 PUFA. The rapid decrease in the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in response to food deprivation could trigger an inflammatory response in the liver. This could be a key contributor to the pathophysiology of fatty liver disease in mink influencing disease progression. 相似文献
63.
Tapanendu Kamilya Prabir Pal Mrityunjoy Mahato G.B. Talapatra 《Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications》2009,29(4):1480-1485
The present work demonstrates the immobilization of phospholipids and phospholipids-protein vesicles on solid substrate by simple drop-cast technique. We have also studied the structural and conformational transition of protein (OVA) molecules when they are loaded in immobilized vesicles of DPPC. High-resolution FE-SEM imaging is used to study the structural aspects of the immobilized vesicles of DPPC and OVA loaded DPPC. FTIR analyses of amide bands are being used to inspect the extent of the conformational transitions of β-sheet to α-helix of OVA in immobilized DPPC vesicles. Immobilized OVA-DPPC vesicles provide the structure of individual OVA molecule attached with DPPC, without aggregation amongst them. 相似文献
64.
Sharmilee Pal V. V. Bhanuprasad R. Mitra K. K. Ray 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2009,40(13):3171-3185
The tensile creep behavior of powder metallurgy (P/M)–processed and hot-rolled commercially pure Al and Al-5 or Al-10 vol
pct SiC particulate composites has been evaluated after subjecting to 0, 2, and 8 thermal cycles between 500 °C and 0 °C with
rapid quenching. The images of microstructures obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as changes
in the electrical resistivity, Young’s modulus, and microhardness have been examined in the samples subjected to thermal cycling,
in order to compare the effects of structural damage and strengthening by dislocation generation. The damage is caused by
voids formed by vacancy coalescence, and is more severe in pure Al than in Al-SiCp composites, because the particle-matrix interfaces in the composites act as effective sinks for vacancies. Creep tests have
shown that the application of 2 thermal cycles lowers the creep strain rates in both pure Al and Al-SiCp composites. However, the creep resistance of pure Al gets significantly deteriorated, unlike the mild deterioration in the
Al-5 SiCp composite, while the time to rupture for the Al-10 SiCp composite is increased. The dislocation structure and subgrain sizes in the Al and in the matrices of the Al-SiCp composites in the as-rolled condition, after thermal cycling, and after creep tests, have been compared and related to the
creep behavior. The dimple sizes of the crept fracture surfaces appear to be dependent on the void density, tertiary component
of strain, and time to rupture. 相似文献
65.
Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that oxidative stress underlies aging processes. Research provides consistent evidence that calorie restriction (CR) reduces age-related oxidative stress and has anti-inflammatory properties. However, information is lacking on the molecular mechanism that would better define the interrelation of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species and the pro-inflammatory states of the aging process. In this review, the biochemical and molecular bases of the inflammatory process in the aging process are analyzed to delineate the molecular inflammation hypothesis of aging. The key players involved in the proposed hypothesis are the age-related upregulation of NF-kappa B, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible NO synthase, all of which are attenuated by CR. Furthermore, age-related NF kappa B activation is associated with phosphorylation by I kappa B kinase/NIK and MAPKs, while CR blocked these activation processes. The modulation of these factors provides molecular insights of the anti-inflammatory action of CR in relation to the aging process. Based on available finding and our recent supporting evidence, we prefer to use "molecular inflammation" to emphasize the importance of the molecular reaction mechanisms and their aberrance, predisposing to fully expressed chronic inflammatory phenomena. It was further proposed that CR's major force of the regulation of redox-sensitive inflammation may well be its life-prolonging action. 相似文献
66.
Sorantin E Halmai C Erdöhelyi B Palágyi K Nyúl LG Ollé K Geiger B Lindbichler F Friedrich G Kiesler K 《IEEE transactions on medical imaging》2002,21(3):263-273
PURPOSE: Demonstration of a technique for three-dimensional (3-D) assessment of tracheal-stenoses, regarding site, length and degree, based on spiral computed tomography (S-CT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: S-CT scanning and automated segmentation of the laryngo-tracheal tract (LTT) was followed by the extraction of the LTT medial axis using a skeletonization algorithm. Orthogonal to the medial axis the LTT 3-D cross-sectional profile was computed and presented as line charts, where degree and length was obtained. Values for both parameters were compared between 36 patients and 18 normal controls separately. Accuracy and precision was derived from 17 phantom studies. RESULTS: Average degree and length of tracheal stenoses was found to be 60.5% and 4.32 cm in patients compared with minor caliber changes of 8.8% and 2.31 cm in normal controls (p < 0.0001). For the phantoms an excellent correlation between the true and computed 3-D cross-sectional profile was found (p < 0.005) and an accuracy for length and degree measurements of 2.14 mm and 2.53% respectively could be determined. The corresponding figures for the precision were found to be 0.92 mm and 2.56%. CONCLUSION: LTT 3-D cross-sectional profiles permit objective, accurate and precise assessment of LTT caliber changes. Minor LTT caliber changes can be observed even in normals and, in case of an otherwise normal S-CT study, can be regarded as artifacts. 相似文献
67.
Durga Prasad Muni Nikhil R Pal Jyotirmoy Das 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2006,36(1):106-117
This paper presents an online feature selection algorithm using genetic programming (GP). The proposed GP methodology simultaneously selects a good subset of features and constructs a classifier using the selected features. For a c-class problem, it provides a classifier having c trees. In this context, we introduce two new crossover operations to suit the feature selection process. As a byproduct, our algorithm produces a feature ranking scheme. We tested our method on several data sets having dimensions varying from 4 to 7129. We compared the performance of our method with results available in the literature and found that the proposed method produces consistently good results. To demonstrate the robustness of the scheme, we studied its effectiveness on data sets with known (synthetically added) redundant/bad features. 相似文献
68.
The prediction model has been developed for steel weld metal microstructural constituents as a function of flux ingredients such as CaO, MgO, CaF2 and Al2O3 in submerged arc welding carried out at fixed welding parameters. The results of quantitative measurements of micro‐structural constituents on eighteen weld metal samples were utilised for developing the prediction equations of microstructural constituents applying statistical design of experiment for mixtures. Among the flux ingredients, CaO appears to be most important as an individual as well as interaction with other ingredients viz. CaF2 and Al2O3 in influencing the amount of microstructural constituents in weld metal. The prediction equations have been checked for adequacy by performing tests on welding using randomly designed flux and found satisfactory. The iso‐response curves were developed for selected microstructural constituents to show their output levels at different percentage of flux ingredients. 相似文献
69.
The case for technology in developing regions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brewer E. Demmer M. Du B. Ho M. Kam M. Nedevschi S. Pal J. Patra R. Surana S. Fall K. 《Computer》2005,38(6):25-38
Alongside good governance, technology is considered among the greatest enablers for improved quality of life. However, the majority of its benefits have been concentrated in industrialized nations and therefore limited to a fraction of the world's population. We believe that technology has a large role to play in developing regions, that "First World" technology to date has been a poor fit in these areas, and that there is thus a need for technology research for developing regions. Despite the relative infancy of technology studies in developing regions, anecdotal evidence suggests that access to technology has a beneficial economic impact. Cellular telephony is probably the most visible application, but there are many others, some of which we cover in this article. The World Bank's infoDev site catalogs hundreds of information and communications technologies (ICT) projects, albeit not all successful. Most of these projects use existing off-the-shelf technology designed for the industrialized world. Although it is clear that there are large differences in assumptions related to cost, power, and usage, there has been little work on how technology needs in developing regions differ from those of industrialized nations. We argue that Western market forces continue to meet the needs of developing regions accidentally at best. 相似文献
70.
Density-based multiscale data condensation 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Mitra P. Murthy C.A. Pal S.K. 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2002,24(6):734-747
A problem gaining interest in pattern recognition applied to data mining is that of selecting a small representative subset from a very large data set. In this article, a nonparametric data reduction scheme is suggested. It attempts to represent the density underlying the data. The algorithm selects representative points in a multiscale fashion which is novel from existing density-based approaches. The accuracy of representation by the condensed set is measured in terms of the error in density estimates of the original and reduced sets. Experimental studies on several real life data sets show that the multiscale approach is superior to several related condensation methods both in terms of condensation ratio and estimation error. The condensed set obtained was also experimentally shown to be effective for some important data mining tasks like classification, clustering, and rule generation on large data sets. Moreover, it is empirically found that the algorithm is efficient in terms of sample complexity 相似文献