Nafion film/K(+)-exchanged glass optical waveguide sensor for BTX detection

An optical waveguide (OWG) sensor for the detection of BTX gases is reported. The highly sensitive element of this sensor was made by coating the copper Nafion film over a single-mode potassium ion exchanged glass OWG. We used the OWG sensor to detect toluene gas as a typical example BTX gas. The sensor exhibits a linear response to toluene in the range of 0.25-4250 ppm with response and recovery times less than 25 s. The sensor has a short response time, high sensitivity, and good reversibility.     

Validating the factor structure of the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale in a community sample.

Currently, there is no standard self-report measure of psychopathy in community-dwelling samples that parallels the most commonly used measure of psychopathy in forensic and clinical samples, the Psychopathy Checklist. A promising instrument is the Self-Report Psychopathy scale (SRP), which was derived from the original version the Psychopathy Checklist. The most recent version of the SRP (SRP-III; D. L. Paulhus, C. S. Neumann, & R. D. Hare, in press) has shown good convergent and discriminate validity and a factor structure similar to the current version of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 1991, 2003). The analyses in the current study further investigated the viability of the SRP-III as a PCL-R-analogous measure of psychopathy in nonforensic and nonclinical samples by extending the validation process to a community sample. Using confirmatory factor analyses and logistic regressions, the results revealed that a four-factor oblique model for the SRP-III was most tenable, congruent with the PCL-R factor structure of psychopathy and previous research in which the SRP-III was administered to a student sample. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Three dimensional stress analysis of solid oxide fuel cell anode micro structure

One of the most common problems in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is the delamination and thus the degradation of electrode/electrolyte interface which occurs in the consequences of the stresses generated within the different layers of the cell. Nowadays, the modeling of this problem under certain conditions is one of the main issues for the researchers. The structural and thermo-physical properties of the cell materials (i.e. porosity, density, Young's modulus etc.) are usually assumed to be homogenous in the mathematical modeling of solid oxide fuel cells at macro-scale. However, during the real operation, the stresses created in the multiphase porous layers might be very different than those at macro-scale. Therefore, micro-level modeling is required for an accurate estimation of the real stresses and the performance of SOFCs. This study presents a microstructural characterization and a finite element analysis of the delamination and the degradation of porous solid oxide fuel cell anode and electrode/electrolyte interface under various operating temperatures, compressing forces and material compositions by using the synthetically generated microstructures. A multi physics computational package (COMSOL) is employed to calculate the Von Misses stresses in the anode microstructures. The maximum thermal stress in the electrode/electrolyte interface and three phase boundaries is found to exceed the yield strength at 900 °C while 800 °C is estimated as a critical temperature for the delamination and micro cracks due to thermal stress generated. The thermal stress decreases in the grain boundaries with increasing content of one of the phases (either Ni or YSZ) and the porosity of the electrode. A clamping load higher than 5 kg cm⁻² is also found to exceed the shear stress limit.     

The Effects of Different Gums and Their Interactions on the Rheological Properties of a Dairy Dessert: A Mixture Design Approach

In this study, the steady and dynamic rheological properties of the dairy dessert samples (puddings) containing carrageenan, alginate, guar and xanthan gums and their combinations were investigated in a model system, and mixture design was utilized to observe the effects of the gums and their interactions. The flow behaviour of the pudding samples fitted to the Ostwald de Waele model (R ²?>?0.98). All the samples exhibited a gel structure with their higher G′ (storage modulus) values than the G″ (loss modulus) values. Carrageenan was the most effective hydrocolloid on both the steady and dynamic rheological parameters of the dairy dessert samples. On the other hand, alginate had relatively smaller effect. Furthermore, 30 pudding samples containing different gum or gum combinations were classified into two groups (A and B) by using principal component analysis (PCA). Samples containing more than 33% carrageenan in their formulations made up the group A which positively correlated to K (consistency index), η ₅₀ (apparent viscosity at shear rate 50 s^?1), G′, G″, G* (complex modulus) and η* (complex viscosity) values.     

Combination of the Simple Additive (SAW) Approach and Mixture Design to Determine Optimum Cocoa Combination of the Hot Chocolate Beverage

Physicochemical (pH, brix, and color), sensory (color, taste, odor, mouthfeeling, consistency, bitter flavor, and general acceptability), and rheological properties of the hot chocolate beverages including different cocoa combinations were investigated in the present study. Cocoa type significantly affected all of the properties. Simple additive weighting approach was applied to obtain one score from seven different sensory parameters and simple additive weighting score was used in mixture design to determine optimum cocoa type or cocoa combination. Ostwald de Waele model described the flow behavior of the hot chocolate beverage samples with R² values ranged between 0.818 and 0.999. The consistency coefficient (K) and apparent viscosity at shear rate 50 s^?1 (η₅₀) were significantly affected by cocoa type found in the formulation of the beverage. The mixture design approach was performed in order to determine variation of the responses (physicochemical, sensory, and rheological parameters) as a function of cocoa concentration. Simple additive weighting scores were satisfactorily described by established equation as a function of cocoa concentration to be used in the formulation of the hot chocolate beverage (R² = 0.8645).     

HPLC-DAD Analysis to Identify the Phenolic Profile of Rhododendron Honeys Collected from Different Regions in Turkey

In this study, phenolic compounds of Rhododendron honey (also known as mad honey) samples collected from the Black Sea Region were identified using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector system. The major phenolic substances in Rhododendron honeys were found to be chlorogenic and coumaric acids with the amounts of 0.11–191.54 mg/kg and 0–82.83 mg/kg, respectively. Gallic and ferulic acids were detected in the most honey samples. Additionally, significant correlations were determined between the phenolic substances. The present study showed that Rhododendron honeys contained higher quantities of phenolic acids than flavonoids. Chlorogenic and coumaric acids were the dominant phenolic substances detected in honey samples.     

Efficient Pattern Generation for Small-Delay Defects Using Selection of Critical Faults

Testing for small-delay defects (SDDs) has become necessary as technology further scales. Existing tools and methodologies for generating SDD patterns suffer from: limited long-paths sensitization capability, overwhelming pattern volume, time-consuming pattern generation process, and vague evaluations of pattern quality. Such situation places patterns in a dilemma where the generation and application effort are huge yet the results cannot reflect the physical phenomena clearly enough for correct binning and diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on establishing a pattern generation flow that produces patterns of high application value. Firstly, critical faults are identified in order to generate high-quality original pattern repository with n-detect ATPG.A novelpattern evaluation and selection method that further minimizes pattern count while maintaining the SDD detection ability is then presented. Top-off ATPG is then performed to ensure meeting the target fault coverage. Along with the flow, multiple evaluation metrics are also proposed to measure the pattern’s efficiency on SDD coverage, unique SDD detection, detectable SDD size, long path distribution, etc. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed critical fault-based method improves long path sensitization efficiency by 2.5× without impairing its average delay and saves approximately 80 % CPU runtime compared with total fault-based method. Comparing with timing-aware ATPG, the generated pattern set detects equivalent or even more SDDs with significantly reduced pattern count.     

二联噻吩和联苯胺类交替共聚物的合成及表征

以联苯二胺及二甲基联苯二胺为原料,合成了相应的N,N′-二氯联苯醌胺单体,并以二价镍配合物为催化剂与二连噻吩共聚得到了相应的交替共聚物。所得聚合物通过FT-IR,1H-NMR进行了表征。所得聚合物紫外-可见光谱分别在330、437、327、410nm处最大吸收峰出现。所得聚合物在-0.1～0.8V之间进行循环伏安分析,每一个聚合物都观察到两对氧化峰和还原峰分别在(Epa=0.40V/Epc=0.31V和Epa=0.70V/Epc=0.56V)和(Epa=0.33V/Epc=0.28V和Epa=0.63V/Epc=0.50V)。     

The decolorization of C.I. Reactive Black 5 in aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using sacrificial iron electrodes

The removal of color from synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 was experimentally investigated using direct current electrocoagulation at iron electrodes. The effects of operational parameters such as current density, initial pH, electrolysis time, initial dye concentration and solution conductivity on color removal efficiency were investigated in this study. The optimum operating range for each of these operating variables was experimentally determined. The experimental results show that the color of Reactive Black 5 in the aqueous phase was removed effectively. Under the conditions of an initial dye concentration of 100 mg L(-1), initial pH of 5, current density of 4.575 mAcm(-2), salt concentration of 3000 mg L(-1), temperature of 20 degrees C, and interelectrode distance of 2.5 cm, the color removal efficiency reached 98.8%. Electrical energy consumption in the above conditions for the decolorization of the dye solution containing Reactive Black 5 was 4.96 kWh/kg dye. Results show that the first-order rate equation provides the best correlation for the decolorization rate of Reactive Black 5.