Prevention of small black spots on sugar-coated tablets containing aluminum acetylsalicylic acid

Sugar-coated tablets containing aluminum acetylsalicylate gradually developed black spots on their surface. A factorial experiment was performed based on an L32 orthogonal array table in an attempt to halt this phenomenon. The factor responsible proved to be talc used to formulate the smooth coating layer over the subcoating layer containing aluminum acetylsalicylate. When HCl-treated talc was used as a filler for the smoothing layer, the black spots were markedly decreased. The spotting mechanism was considered to be due to hydrolysis of aluminum acetylsalicylate in the subcoating layer to salicylic acid and acetic acid, which sublimated into the pores of the smoothing layer. Then, ferrous ion substituted from magnesium ion in the talc molecule center was extracted by salicylic acid, acetic acid, and moisture. Finally, the ferrous ion was oxidized to ferric ion, and this produced an Fe³⁺ chelate compound together with salicylic acid.     

防屈曲支撑的研究进展及其工程应用

简要介绍了防屈曲支撑的组成及工作机理,详细介绍了防屈曲支撑的发展和近年来中国学者在理论研究和类型创新方面取得的研究成果;着重讨论了三重钢管、端部铰式、中部接触环式等新型防屈曲支撑的性能;最后给出了防屈曲支撑在中国的应用情况.研究结果表明:防屈曲支撑以其良好的耗能性能会有很好的发展潜力;防屈曲支撑应该向着低屈服点设计、适用于大跨结构、便于安装等方向发展,并在实际工程中推广应用.     

Nondestructive Hygiene Monitoring on Pork Meat Surface Using Excitation–Emission Matrices with Two-Dimensional Savitzky–Golay Second-Order Differentiation

To develop a rapid and nondestructive hygiene-monitoring system in meat-processing plants, plate count and ATP content on pork meat surfaces were quantitatively determined with particular attention to NAD(P)H fluorescence produced by microorganisms. An excitation (Ex)–emission (Em) matrix (EEM) was obtained, and the five fluorescence peaks of tryptophan, NAD(P)H, zinc protoporphyrin IX, protoporphyrin IX, and riboflavin were observed. Plate count and ATP content were predicted with good accuracy [r _p?=?0.90–0.94 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP)?=?log₁₀ (0.68–0.79 CFU cm^?2) for plate count and r _p?=?0.84–0.89 and RMSEP?=?log₁₀ (0.61–0.71, mol cm^?2) for ATP content]. Two-dimensional Savitzky–Golay second-order differentiation was found to be a powerful preprocessing tool of EEMs to improve prediction accuracy. Better prediction accuracy was obtained when the sensitivity of the fluorescence spectrophotometer was set to focus on fluorescence from NAD(P)H than that from both tryptophan and NAD(P)H. However, little linear relationship was observed between plate count and fluorescence intensity from NAD(P)H (R ²?=?0.31). The absolute value of regression coefficient (RC) of partial least-squares regression (PLSR) at the wavelength assigned to NAD(P)H, zinc protoporphyrin IX, protoporphyrin IX, and riboflavin was high. It can be concluded that a good prediction model was developed in which four fluorescence compounds of NAD(P)H, zinc protoporphyrin IX, protoporphyrin IX, and riboflavin contribute to the prediction model, and these compounds are probably produced by microorganisms.     

A study on the relationship between blood lead levels and anemia indicators in workers exposed to low levels of lead

To determine the effects of a vegetarian diet with avocado as a source of monounsaturated fat on serum lipids, thirteen patients with phenotype II (twelve with IIa and one with IIb) dyslipidemia were included in a prospective, transversal and comparative study in which three four-week diets randomly assigned were assessed. One vegetarian diet (ALVD) was composed of 70% carbohydrates, 10% proteins and 20% lipids. Another was composed of 60% carbohydrates, 10% proteins and 30% lipids, 75% of which was supplied by avocado (AVD). A third diet was an avocado-added free diet (FDWA). Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipids (total cholesterol (TC), high (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG)) were evaluated. AVD produced a significant decrease in LDL. ALVD did not change TC and LDL, while FDWA increased them slightly. The three diets reduced TG levels, but only ALVD did so significantly. All three diets reduced HDL levels, particularly ALVD, which produced the greatest reduction. Low-fat, carbohydrate-rich vegetarian diets may be harmful to hypercholesterolemic patients. The avocado addition to a vegetarian diet does not correct these undesirable effects. To obtain beneficial effects on lipid profile with avocado, lower amounts of carbohydrates and polyunsaturated fatty acids are probably needed.     

Making the most out of the innovation of meaning: The importance of inclusion for creativity in inside-out envisioning

Innovation of meaning (IoM) is one of the streams that has attracted attention in design thinking research. Inside-out envisioning aims to assist non-designer employees practice IoM in a similar manner to how visionary executives and designers perform. The process starts with exposing their intrinsic visions to innovate the dominant social or organizational meanings. This makes the employees' creativity that comes from intrinsic goals and values an important driving force of inside-out envisioning. Thus, it is crucial to foster an organizational culture that encourages employees to engage in inside-out envisioning and enhance their creativity. This study explores whether inclusion, as an organizational culture, is an antecedent of creativity in inside-out envisioning. Inclusion refers to a state in which an individual's uniqueness is valued by other group members and externalized to improve group performance. Based on data from a survey conducted with 1104 Japanese employees, this study reveals that inclusion significantly impacts creativity in inside-out envisioning. A multigroup analysis demonstrates differences in the effects of the mediating variables of this relationship based on the successful experience of inside-out envisioning. This study concludes that it is important for design thinking researchers to study inclusion more deeply as a way to implement inside-out envisioning.