全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2072篇 |
免费 | 69篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 141篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
化学工业 | 644篇 |
金属工艺 | 71篇 |
机械仪表 | 61篇 |
建筑科学 | 64篇 |
能源动力 | 103篇 |
轻工业 | 226篇 |
水利工程 | 3篇 |
石油天然气 | 6篇 |
武器工业 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 105篇 |
一般工业技术 | 398篇 |
冶金工业 | 41篇 |
原子能技术 | 59篇 |
自动化技术 | 221篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 59篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 36篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 57篇 |
2015年 | 34篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 147篇 |
2012年 | 120篇 |
2011年 | 132篇 |
2010年 | 116篇 |
2009年 | 131篇 |
2008年 | 124篇 |
2007年 | 105篇 |
2006年 | 89篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 59篇 |
2003年 | 45篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 30篇 |
1998年 | 43篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 41篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2148条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Nuclear magnetic resonance absorption spectra of linter cellulose containing various amounts of water were studied to clarify the relation between the amount of absorbed water in cellulose fiber and the molecular motion in such a cellulose–water system. An amorphous cellulose sample was used for the sake of comparison. The changes in line width and second moment of the spectra were measured at various temperatures. From the variation with temperature of the first-derivative curves and the second moments, it has been inferred that the proton movement of absorbed water changes markedly over the approximate range 180°–200°K and that the absorbed water lowers the glass transition temperature of cellulose to room temperature. 相似文献
102.
Scintillation properties of Tm-doped Lu3Al5O12 single crystals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Makoto Sugiyama Yutaka Fujimoto Takayuki Yanagida Daisuke Totsuka Yuui Yokota Akira Yoshikawa 《Optical Materials》2011,34(2):439-443
Using the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method, Tm-doped Lu3Al5O12 (Tm:LuAG) single crystals were grown to examine their scintillation properties. In transmittance spectra, they exhibited about 80% transparency in the wavelengths longer than 320 nm and five absorption lines due to Tm3+ 4f–4f transitions were observed. 241Am α-ray excited radioluminescence spectra were measured and intense 4f–4f emission peaks were observed with the host emission. When excited by 137Cs γ-Ray to obtain pulse height spectra, Tm 1% doped LuAG showed the highest light yield coupled with a photomultiplier (PMT) or a silicon avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). The light yield was estimated to be 5800 and 7300 photons/MeV for PMT and Si-APD, respectively. Decay time profiles consist of two exponential components and the fast and slow components are considered to be attributed to the host and the combination of the host and Tm3+ 4f–4f emission, respectively. 相似文献
103.
Majczak A Karbowski M Kamiński M Masaoka M Kurono C Niemczyk E Kedzior J Soji T Knap D Hallmann A Wakabayashi T 《Journal of electron microscopy》2004,53(6):635-647
Effects of jasplakinolide (JSP), a stabilizer of F-actin, and latrunculin A (LTA), a destabilizer of F-actin, on a series of events occurring in the execution phase of staurosporine (STS)-induced apoptotic processes were studied using human osteosarcoma 143B cells. Time-dependent apparent increases of the population of cells with collapsed membrane potential of mitochondria (Delta Psi(m)) caused by STS treatment were not due to actual decreases in the Delta Psi(m) per cell, but due to the fragmentation of cells resulting in decreases in the number of active mitochondria per cell. Decreases in the Delta Psi(m) in fragmented cells occurred late in the execution phase. Both JSP and LAT failed to prevent STS-induced release of cytochrome c from mitochondria followed by the activation of caspases 3 and 9, the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and apoptotic nuclear fragmentation. However, both drugs prevented STS-induced apoptotic cell fragmentation and decreases in the Delta Psi(m). These results indicate that physicochemical states of actin filaments play a certain role in the execution phase of STS-induced apoptotic processes. 相似文献
104.
Identification of SYS1 as a Host Factor Required for Shiga Toxin-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Vero Cells
Chisato Sakuma Tsuyoshi Sekizuka Makoto Kuroda Kentaro Hanada Toshiyuki Yamaji 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Shiga toxin (STx) or Vero toxin is a virulence factor produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. The toxin binds to the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) for its entry, and causes cell death by inhibiting ribosome function. Previously, we performed a loss-of-function screen in HeLa cells using a human CRISPR knockout (KO) library and identified various host genes required for STx-induced cell death. To determine whether this library targeted to the human genome is applicable to non-human primate cells and to identify previously unrecognized factors crucial for STx-induced cell death, we herein performed a similar screen in the African green monkey kidney-derived Vero C1008 subline. Many genes relevant to metabolic enzymes and membrane trafficking were enriched, although the number of enriched genes was less than that obtained in the screening for HeLa cells. Of note, several genes that had not been enriched in the previous screening were enriched: one of these genes was SYS1, which encodes a multi-spanning membrane protein in the Golgi apparatus. In SYS1 KO Vero cells, expression of Gb3 and sphingomyelin was decreased, while that of glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide was increased. In addition, loss of SYS1 inhibited the biosynthesis of protein glycans, deformed the Golgi apparatus, and perturbed the localization of trans-Golgi network protein (TGN) 46. These results indicate that the human CRISPR KO library is applicable to Vero cell lines, and SYS1 has a widespread effect on glycan biosynthesis via regulation of intra-Golgi and endosome–TGN retrograde transports. 相似文献
105.
Ashiuchi M Nakamura H Yamamoto M Misono H 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2006,102(1):60-65
The pgdS gene product of Bacillus subtilis, PgdS, cleaves poly-gamma-glutamate (PGA) in an endo-peptidase-like fashion. However, its catalytic property remains obscure. In this study, a simple assay for the PgdS enzyme using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was developed, and some characteristics of PgdS, such as optimal pH, were examined. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by a thiol-modifying reagent, suggesting that it possesses essential cysteine residue(s) in catalysis. PgdS exhibited a high affinity to PGA that consisted mainly of D-glutamate residues, but no affinity to PGA composed only of L-glutamate residues (L-PGA). The enzyme processed DL-copolymer-type PGA (DL-PGA) with an average molecular mass of 1,000 kDa to a high-molecular-mass L-glutamate-rich fragment (average 200 kDa), the L-rich PGA fragment, and low-molecular-mass fragment composed mostly of D-glutamate residues (average 5 kDa), D-fragment. To deepen our understanding of the catalytic property of the PgdS enzyme, we analyzed the structures of the N- and C-terminal regions and found that D-glutamyl residues successively lie even at both ends of the L-rich PGA fragment. Our observations indicate that PgdS is a novel endo-peptidase that specifically cleaves the gamma-amide linkage between two D-glutamate residues in PGA, i.e., gamma-glutamyl DD-amidohydrolase. The enzyme is possibly useful in the biochemical processing of B. subtilis DL-PGA. 相似文献
106.
Tajima K Orisaka M Yata H Goto K Hosokawa K Kotsuji F 《Microscopy research and technique》2006,69(6):450-458
We developed a culture system in which two types of ovarian follicular cells were allowed to attach to opposite sides of a collagen membrane. Using this in vitro cell culture system, we studied the effects of granulosa- and theca-cell interaction on the morphology, structure, and function of bovine ovarian follicular cells. In the first part of the study, we explored how the interaction between theca and granulosa cells affects the morphology and structure of the cells. This study was done using follicular cells collected from bovine ovarian follicles at the early developmental stage. Granulosa cells cultured alone were flattened, and formed a monolayer sheet. By contrast, granulosa cells cultured with theca cells were convex, and formed multilayer sheets. Theca cells cultured alone were thin, flat, and spindle-shaped. Theca cells cultured with granulosa cells were also spindle-shaped; however, they appeared convex and more densely packed when compared with theca cells cultured alone. In the second part of the study, the possible role of the cellular interaction in the control of differentiation and growth of granulosa and theca cells was investigated. When follicular cells were isolated from the early stage of follicular development, theca cells reduced progesterone and inhibin production by granulosa cells and augmented the growth of granulosa cells. When the cells were isolated from the late stage of follicular development, by contrast, theca cells augmented hormonal production by granulosa cells, and did not affect the growth of granulosa cells. The growth and androstenedione production by theca cells were increased by the presence of granulosa cells, irrespective of the origin of follicular cells. These results demonstrated that communication between two types of follicular cells results in reciprocal modulation of their morphology, structure, growth, and function. Cellular interactions seem to be one of the major factors controlling the differentiation and growth of the follicular cells during the follicular maturation process. In contrast to granulosa and theca cells cultured alone, cells in the coculture seemed to possess morphological and functional characteristics more similar to those of cells in the growing follicular wall in vivo. Thus, we speculate that the interaction between these two types of follicular cells is essential for the maintenance of original structure and function of the bovine follicular wall. 相似文献
107.
Hitoshi Ushijima Makoto Egashira 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》1999,10(4):259-266
Reduction of cuprous chloride has been examined in various atmospheres, mostly at 600°C, to produce copper microfibers that can be applied as a filler for electromagnetic interference shielding and electron conductive paste composites. The reduction with hydrogen resulted in formation of a large amount of copper films, but fine particles and short filaments were obtained when carbon black was mixed into the raw material. The most promising copper microfibers with dimensions of several mm length and 1–10 m thickness could be produced with the system CuCl — C — H2O using argon as a carrier gas, where H2 and CO formed then probably reduced the vaporized CuCl molecules. Introduction of hydrogen gas into this system increased the yield of copper microfibers, though they became more bent, curved and kinked in shape. However, the morphology of the microfibers is still acceptable as a filler. 相似文献
108.
New pyrochlore-type solid solutions Y2−xLaxRu2O7 have been synthesized for x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 as single-phase materials. The lattice parameters for these solid solutions are linear with x and range from 1.0140 nm (x=0.0) to 1.0257 nm (x=0.6). All the samples show semiconducting behavior with an activation energy of about 0.1 eV. They show the spin-glass-like magnetic transition at low temperatures. Its transition temperature TG decreases from 77 K for Y2Ru2O7 with increasing the La3+ content. 相似文献
109.
Molecular Identification of Commercial Spicy Pollack Roe Products by PCR-RFLP Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Futoshi Aranishi Takane Okimoto Makoto Ohkumbo Shotaro Izumi 《Journal of food science》2005,70(4):C235-C238
ABSTRACT: Spicy pollack roe products are a popular seafood item made from fish eggs that should be made with salt-cured mature roes of walleye pollack Theragra chalcogramma . Because of high demand and poor catch of walleye pollack, however, spicy pollack roe products are often susceptible to substitution with roes of closely related codfish. In this study, a simple method identifying the ingredients of commercial spicy pollack roe products was developed to differentiate walleye pollack from codfish substitutes such as gray cod Gadus macrocephalus using PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis. PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene yielded single fragments commonly from pollack and cod. Direct digestion of the PCR products with Mph 11031 restriction enzyme showed an unique restriction fingerprint only in pollack. This PCR-RFLP analysis enabled the reliable identification of commercial spicy pollack roe products made by only pollack roes from products padded with cod roes. It thus can be useful to expose substitution of pollack roes with lower valued codfish roes in commercial spicy pollack roe products. 相似文献
110.