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991.
Kiyoshi Endo Noriyasu Kaneda Hidenori Waku Makoto Saitoh Nobuyoshi Emori 《乙烯基与添加剂工艺杂志》2001,7(4):177-183
Polymerizations of vinyl chloride (VC) with butyllithium (BuLi) and metallocene catalysts were investigated. In the polymerization of VC with BuLi, the activity for polymerization decreased in the following order; t‐BuLi > n‐BuLi > s‐BuLi. A polymer controlled structurally in the main chain was found to be synthesized from the polymerization of VC with BuLi. The molecular weights of polymers obtained in bulk polymerization were higher than those of polymers obtained in solution. A linear relationship of the Mn of the polymer and the polymer yields was observed. The Mw/Mn of the polymer did not change significantly during polymerization, although the Mw/Mn was around 2. Thermal stability of the polymer obtained with BuLi was higher than that of polymer obtained with radical initiators, as determined by TGA measurements. In the polymerization of VC with Cp*TiX3/MAO (X: Cl and OCH3) catalysts, polymers were obtained with both catalysts, although the rate of polymerization was slow. The Cp*Ti(OCH3)3//MAO catalyst in CH2Cl2 gave higher‐molecular‐weight polymers in a better yield than in toluene. From elemental analysis and the NMR spectra of the polymers, the Cp*Ti(OCH3)3/MAO catalyst gave polymers consisting of repeating regular head‐to‐tail units, in contrast to the Cp*TiCl3/MAO catalyst, which gave polymers having anomalous units. 相似文献
992.
We consider the problenl of const,ructing a fixed-size confidence region for a linear functioll of mean vectors of k multinormal populations. The covariance matrices are assunlcd to be known except for the unknown scalar multipliers. A two-stage procedure is proposed to derive such a confidence region. We also discuss the asylnptotic efficiency of the procedure. 相似文献
993.
Toshiaki Rokunohe Tatsuro Kato Makoto Hirose Tetsu Ishiguro 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2010,171(1):19-27
Efforts of designers of gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) are currently focused on such features as smaller installation area and economical efficiency. Circuit breakers (CB), disconnecting switches (DS), and earthing switches (ES) have been redesigned in more compact configurations. Compactness and light‐weight requirements are applied also to bushings used in GIS. GIS bushings can be divided in three general types: capacitor, gas‐filled, and molded bushings. Requirements of the light weight and the economical efficiency of gas‐filled bushings can be satisfied by improvements in insulation technology. Size reduction can be effectively achieved by moderation of the electric field strength on the outside surface of the hollow insulator in the area of the inner grounded electrode tip. We devised a new inner grounded electrode structure consisting of a cylindrical electrode and a ring electrode supported by column electrodes. This paper describes the effect of reduction of the maximum value of electric field strength on the outside surface of the hollow insulator by a new type of grounded electrode. Then, improvement of insulation performance for electrodes with insulation coating in SF6 gas is described as the composite insulation technology. Finally, the efficiency of these insulation technologies is described by the basic insulation test results of a prototype compact 800‐kV SF6 gas‐filled bushing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(1): 19–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20898 相似文献
994.
Ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based composite propellant has been widely used as a solid propellant, but higher burning rates are in demand. We report that crystal-habit-modified AP is an effective oxidizer that increases the burning rates of propellants. The modified APs have a dendritic shape. However, dendritic AP is not convenient to mix and cast in an AP/binder slurry because of its high viscosity. We attempted to prepare a crystal-habit-modified AP with polygon or sphere form. The crystal habit of AP was modified by ethylene glycol such that the intensity of the lattice plane (2 1 0) of the modified AP was remarkably high. The shape was almost hexahedral, and the mean particle diameter was approximately 150 μm. 相似文献
995.
Masamichi Takebe Makoto Ohya Ryo Adachi Koji Doi Naoki Kitagawa Keishi Ochibe 《Corrosion Science》2010,52(9):2928-2935
This study compares the precipitation rates of air-borne salts analyzed by the dry gauze method (JIS Z2382) and the Doken (Public Works Research Institute) tank method. Because of the difference of calculation method, direction of prevailing wind causes the difference of salt precipitation rates by these methods. In addition, the Doken tank method has lower capture ability for air-born salt than the dry gauze method under the condition of low supply of air-born salt. While, air-born salt with wet deposition potentially increases salt precipitation of the Doken tank method. As a result, these methods yield different salt precipitation rates. 相似文献
996.
Myoungseok Lee Makoto Uchida Donald A. Tryk Hiroyuki Uchida Masahiro Watanabe 《Electrochimica acta》2011,(13):4783
In our previous work, we have proposed a new method to estimate the effective Pt utilization or “effectiveness” (EfPt) using the ratio of the mass activity (MA) for the oxygen reduction reaction in the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell to that in the channel flow double electrode measurement, MAmax, under similar conditions. In the present research, applying this method, we have focused on elucidating the effect of the thickness of the catalyst layer (CL), the effect of Pt-based alloy catalysts, and effect of the state of dispersion of the Pt/C catalysts in the CL in measurements carried out at 80 °C and various relative humidities (RH), in either O2 or air. The effect of a thin CL (0.04 mg cm−2, Pt/C) has improved EfPt by a factor of four, going from 3% to 12%, and the integrated effect of a thin CL and alloying (0.05 mg cm−2 Pt3Co) has improved EfPt by a factor of six, going from 3% to 17% for air at 0.85 V, Tcell = 80 °C, and 30% RH. Furthermore, we found that the EfPt values were dependent upon the state of Pt dispersion in the CL. The highest EfPt value obtained thus far for air at 0.85 V, Tcell = 80 °C, and 100% RH was ca. 22%, shown by a low Pt loading CL diluted with added uncatalyzed carbon black (0.04 mg cm−2, overall average 30 wt%-Pt). 相似文献
997.
Yu You Mikako Kato Makoto Ohtsuka Hiroyuki Fukuyama 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2013,96(10):3054-3060
The effects of ZrO2 additions to Al2O3 were investigated to improve the evaporation rate of Al2O3 for bulk AlN crystal growth. The evaporation rate of Al2O3 increased concomitantly with increasing ZrO2 concentration under a nitrogen gas stream at 2223 K. The ZrO2 was predominantly nitrided. The nitridation of ZrO2 kept the local oxygen partial pressure high at the pellet surface, which suppressed the nitridation of Al2O3. The nitridation of ZrO2 caused the outward diffusion of ZrO2 (Zr4+ and O2?) in the pellet, which was accelerated further by the presence of Al2O3–ZrO2 liquid phase in grain boundaries, leading to the prompt formation of ZrN porous layer on the pellet surface. The suppressed nitridation of Al2O3 and the formation of porous ZrN layer were the reasons for the enhanced evaporation of Al2O3, leading to enhanced bulk AlN growth. 相似文献
998.
Makoto Souwa Daichi Yamazaki Michio Okada Akitaka Yoshigoe Yuden Teraoka Toshio Kasai 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2011,175(4):43-47
We report the results of a study of the natural oxidation of Cu3Au(110) with high‐resolution X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy in conjunction with synchrotron radiation. The clean surface of Cu3Au(110) is terminated with 50% Au and 50% Cu atoms. After natural oxidation in the air, Cu atoms segregate on the surface and produce Cu‐oxide. As a result, Au atoms move into the bulk. Au atoms below the oxide reduce the diffusion of O atoms farther into bulk and limit the oxide thickness. The face dependence of natural oxidation indicates that the diffusion of Cu atoms also contributes to oxide formation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(4): 43–47, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21149 相似文献
999.
Evidence for Charge‐Trapping Inducing Polymorphic Structural‐Phase Transition in Pentacene
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1000.
Takao Ito Seigo Matsuno Zengyu Xia Makoto Sakamoto Rajiv Mehta 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2010,15(3):249-252
In a keiretsu, i.e., a set of companies with interlocking business relationships, it is important for corporate management to identify
those companies over which they reciprocally exercise greater influence and power. In this article we employ a DEcision MAking
Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to illustrate the reciprocal influence of each company in Mazda’s Yokokai keiretsu, as measured by the number of transactions and cross-shareholdings. Furthermore, we calculate the centrality index of each
company, and then analyze the relationship between centrality index and influence in order to identify the determinants of
the influence. Based on the findings, we identify some characteristics of effective relationships which have important managerial
implications. 相似文献