The flow through asymmetric nonuniform (convergent) channels with the effect of the magnetic field have a pronounced impact in engineering and biological fields such as chemical and food industries, blood flow through capillaries, and arteries, and so forth. With this motivation, the present study focuses on convective hydromagnetic particulate suspension flow in an asymmetric convergent channel under the heat generation effect. The numerical method is applied to solve the nondimensionalized equations governing the transport process of fluid and particle flow and its heat. To check the convergence of the computational results, a grid independence test has been performed. A comparison test has been made to validate the results and an admirable agreement is noticed with published results. Computation results are reported for the influence of emerging parameters on the fluid as well as particle velocity and temperature profiles through graphs and tables. A method of slope linear regression through data points is presented to study the impact of various parameters on skin friction and Nusselt number. The study pioneers the investigation on the significance of the combined influence of cross-flow Reynolds number and magnetic field on fluid and particle in the convergent channel and also reports its importance on drag coefficient and rate of heat transfer at the walls. It is perceived that a reduction in fluid velocity takes place with an increment in Magnetic parameter, Grashof number, and Reynolds number. An augmentation in fluid temperature is noted with an increment in Prandtl number and heat source parameter. 相似文献
Beam forming is one of the most important processes in smart antenna systems for DOA estimation. The most important function in beam forming is changing beam pattern of antenna for a particular angle. If the antenna does not change the position for the specified angle, the signal losses will be high. For avoiding this, a hybrid method, called HGGSA (hybrid genetic and gravity search algorithm) is proposed that is developed by combining genetic algorithm and GSA to beam forming for DOA estimation in smart antenna arrays. In the proposed method, if an angle is given as input, it will give the maximum signal gain in the beam pattern of the antenna with corresponding position and phase angle after searching through the space based on the HGGSA algorithm.
In this study, metal-organic-framework (MOF) derived porous NiO hollow spheres and flowers were obtained using facile solvothermal synthesis and heat treatment. After pyrolyzing, the flower like and hollow spherical like morphology of NiO nanoparticles was successfully inherited from the initial MOF-based templates. The electrochemical studies demonstrated that the porous NiO hallow spheres unveiled a better supercapacitive performance (specific capacitance (Cs) = 1058 F g?1 at current density (j) = 2 A g?1) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity (overpotential (?) = 323 mV) compared to porous NiO flowers (Cs = 857 F g?1 at j = 2 A g?1 and ? = 346 mV). Moreover, excellent capacity retention of over 93% was obtained in porous NiO-hs nanoparticles even after 5000 cycles. The fabricated NiO//Fe2O3 asymmetric supercapacitor delivered an energy density (E) of 35.75 W h Kg?1 under power density (P) of 780 W kg?1 and showed promising stability over 3000 cycles. Considering the ease of preparation and high catalytic activity and supercapacitive performance, these prous NiO hallow structures can be considered as a potential electrode material for next generation energy storage devices and OER catalysts. 相似文献
In this paper, two Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) models fed through a pair of diagonally coupled asymmetric L‐slots are incorporated on the ground plane of size 44 X 44 mm2 with a strip line feed underneath the substrate are presented. The proposed DRA‐1 is a triband antenna, resonates at 5.2GHz, 6.7GHz and 9.85GHz with a gain of 5.6dBi, 5.66dBi and 9.8dBi respectively. The bandwidth offered at Circularly Polarized (CP) band by DRA‐1 is 1.95 GHz (6‐7.95 GHz). The proposed second model DRA‐2 operates at 5 GHz, 6.4 GHz, 7.8 GHz and 10.3 GHz with a peak gain of 5.5dBi, 5dBi, 6.1dBi and 7.8dBi respectively. The quad‐band DRA‐2 offers two CP bands with bandwidths of 1.3GHz (7‐8.3 GHz) and 1.2 GHz (9.8‐11 GHz). The multiple operating bands of the proposed DRAs are appropriate for different wireless applications such as WLAN, C‐Band and X‐Band range of frequencies. 相似文献
A new nonlinear optimal and explicit guidance law is presented in this paper for launch vehicles propelled by solid motors. It can ensure very high terminal precision despite not having the exact knowledge of the thrust–time curve apriori. This was motivated from using it for a carrier launch vehicle in a hypersonic mission, which demands an extremely narrow terminal accuracy window for the launch vehicle for successful initiation of operation of the hypersonic vehicle. The proposed explicit guidance scheme, which computes the optimal guidance command online, ensures the required stringent final conditions with high precision at the injection point. A key feature of the proposed guidance law is an innovative extension of the recently developed model predictive static programming guidance with flexible final time. A penalty function approach is also followed to meet the input and output inequality constraints throughout the vehicle trajectory. In this paper, the guidance law has been successfully validated from nonlinear six degree-of-freedom simulation studies by designing an inner-loop autopilot as well, which enhances confidence of its usefulness significantly. In addition to excellent nominal results, the proposed guidance has been found to have good robustness for perturbed cases as well. 相似文献
Generation of optimal index positions of cutting tools is an important task to reduce the non-machining time of CNC machines and for achievement of optimal process plans. The present work proposes an application of an ant colony algorithm, as a global search technique, for a quick identification of optimal or near optimal index positions of cutting tools to be used on the tool magazines of CNC machines for executing a certain set of manufacturing operations. Minimisation of total indexing time is taken as the objective function. 相似文献
A scatter search based optimisation approach is developed to optimise the grinding parameters of wheel speed, work piece speed, depth of dressing and lead of dressing using a multi-objective function model with a weighted approach for the surface grinding process. The production cost and production rate are evaluated for the optimal grinding conditions, subject to the constraints such as thermal damage, machine tool stiffness, wheel wear parameters and surface finish. The results are compared with the results obtained by the ants-colony algorithm, genetic algorithm and quadratic programming techniques. 相似文献