Physico-chemical,mechanical and electrical performance of bael fruit gum–chitosan IPN films

The gum obtained from unripe fruits of Aegle marmelos was co-processed with chitosan to improve the film forming property of the former. The results of FTIR and differential thermal analysis of films revealed maximum interaction between –COO⁻ groups of gum and –NH₃⁺ of chitosan when they were present in equal proportion in the film. These films exhibited almost negligible zeta potential and the surface remained smooth after exposure to both acidic and alkaline pH as observed under scanning electron microscope. The contact angle and swelling index of this film in both acidic and alkaline buffers were observed to be lowest as compared to other films prepared with different ratios of gum and chitosan. The work of adhesion and spreading coefficient for this film was observed to be lowest. These results could be attributed to optimum interaction between –COO⁻ groups of gum and –NH₃⁺ groups of chitosan. These results indicated the ability of this film for use in modifying drug release and processed food items.     

蛋白酶对生料酒精发酵清液回配比例的影响

研究了在生料发酵生产酒精时,清液回配比例和蛋白酶使用对发酵的影响.结果表明,生料发酵过程,可提高清液回配比例,特别是在蛋白酶的帮助下,清液的回配比例可大大增加;在30%干物配科浓度下,清液比例最高至60%,而发酵残淀粉的情况基本与不回配的情况相似.     

Fast and uniform growth of graphene glass using confined-flow chemical vapor deposition and its unique applications

Fast and uniform growth of high-quality graphene on conventional glass is of great importance for practical applications of graphene glass. We report herein a confined-flow chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach for the high-efficiency fabrication of graphene glass. The key feature of our approach is the fabrication of a 2–4 μm wide gap above the glass substrate, with plenty of stumbling blocks; this gap was found to significantly increase the collision probability of the carbon precursors and reactive fragments between one another and with the glass surface. As a result, the growth rate of graphene glass increased remarkably, together with an improvement in the growth quality and uniformity as compared to those in the conventional gas flow CVD technique. These high-quality graphene glasses exhibited an excellent defogging performance with much higher defogging speed and higher stability compared to those previously reported. The graphene sapphire glass was found to be an ideal substrate for growing uniform and ultra-smooth aluminum nitride thin films without the tedious pre-deposition of a buffer layer. The presented confined-flow CVD approach offers a simple and low-cost route for the mass production of graphene glass, which is believed to promote the practical applications of various graphene glasses.

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防止暴露位置攻击的轨迹隐私保护

为解决移动对象轨迹信息被大量收集所导致的轨迹隐私泄露问题,提出了基于假轨迹的轨迹隐私保护算法。在该算法中,考虑了用户的暴露位置,基于轨迹相似性和位置多样性的综合度量,设计了一种启发式规则来选择假轨迹,从而使得生成的假轨迹能有效隐匿真实轨迹和敏感位置。此外,还提出了轨迹有向图策略和基于网格划分的地图策略来优化算法的执行效率。基于真实的轨迹数据进行实验测试和分析,实验结果表明所提算法在保持数据可用性的情况下能有效保护真实轨迹。     

Nanoparticles Targeted to Fibroblast Activation Protein Outperform PSMA for MRI Delineation of Primary Prostate Tumors

Accurate delineation of gross tumor volumes remains a barrier to radiotherapy dose escalation and boost dosing in the treatment of solid tumors, such as prostate cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumor targets has the power to enable focal dose boosting, particularly when combined with technological advances such as MRI-linear accelerator. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in stromal components of >90% of epithelial carcinomas. Herein, the authors compare targeted MRI of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with FAP in the delineation of orthotopic prostate tumors. Control, FAP, and PSMA-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared with modification of a lymphotropic MRI agent (FerroTrace, Ferronova). Mice with orthotopic LNCaP tumors underwent MRI 24 h after intravenous injection of nanoparticles. FAP and PSMA nanoparticles produced contrast enhancement on MRI when compared to control nanoparticles. FAP-targeted MRI increased the proportion of tumor contrast-enhancing black pixels by 13%, compared to PSMA. Analysis of changes in R2 values between healthy prostates and LNCaP tumors indicated an increase in contrast-enhancing pixels in the tumor border of 15% when targeting FAP, compared to PSMA. This study demonstrates the preclinical feasibility of PSMA and FAP-targeted MRI which can enable targeted image-guided focal therapy of localized prostate cancer.     

ActiveSpaces: Exploring dynamic code deployment for extreme scale data processing

Managing the large volumes of data produced by emerging scientific and engineering simulations running on leadership‐class resources has become a critical challenge. The data have to be extracted off the computing nodes and transported to consumer nodes so that it can be processed, analyzed, visualized, archived, and so on. Several recent research efforts have addressed data‐related challenges at different levels. One attractive approach is to offload expensive input/output operations to a smaller set of dedicated computing nodes known as a staging area. However, even using this approach, the data still have to be moved from the staging area to consumer nodes for processing, which continues to be a bottleneck. In this paper, we investigate an alternate approach, namely moving the data‐processing code to the staging area instead of moving the data to the data‐processing code. Specifically, we describe the ActiveSpaces framework, which provides (1) programming support for defining the data‐processing routines to be downloaded to the staging area and (2) runtime mechanisms for transporting codes associated with these routines to the staging area, executing the routines on the nodes that are part of the staging area, and returning the results. We also present an experimental performance evaluation of ActiveSpaces using applications running on the Cray XT5 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Finally, we use a coupled fusion application workflow to explore the trade‐offs between transporting data and transporting the code required for data processing during coupling, and we characterize sweet spots for each option. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigating the Effect of Multi-pass Friction Stir Processing of SiC Particles on Temperature Distribution,Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA6061-T6 Plate

Silicon - In this paper, silicon carbide (SiC) particles were successfully inserted into AA6061-T6 aluminium matrix using multi-pass friction stir processing (MPFSP). The effects of MPFSP and SiC...     

Transmissive Labyrinthine Acoustic Metamaterial-Based Holography for Extraordinary Energy Harvesting

Conventional energy sources are continuously depleting, and the world is actively seeking new green and efficient energy solutions. Enormous amounts of acoustic energy are dissipated daily, but the low intensity and limited efficiency of current harvesting techniques are preventing its adoption as a ubiquitous method of power generation. Herein, a strategic solution to increase acoustic energy harvesting efficiency using a specially designed metamaterial is implemented. A scalable transmissive labyrinthine acoustic metamaterial (LAM) is designed, developed, and employed to maximize ultrasound (40 kHz) capture over its large surface area (>27 k mm²), which is focused onto a piezoelectric film (78.6 mm²), thus magnifying incident sound pressure by 13.6 times. Three different piezoelectric films – two commercial and one lab-made nanocomposite film are tested with LAM in the acoustic energy harvesting system. An extraordinary voltage gain of 157–173% and a maximum power gain of 272% using the LAM compared to the case without the LAM are achieved. Multipoint focusing using holographic techniques, showcasing acoustic patterning to allow on-demand simultaneous harvesting in separate locations, is demonstrated. Our versatile approach for high-intensity acoustic energy harvesting opens future opportunities to exploit sound energy as a resource to contribute toward global sustainability.     

A Novel Approach to Investigate Analog and Digital Circuit Applications of Silicon Junctionless-Double-Gate (JL-DG) MOSFETs

Silicon - The double gate junctionless transistor (DG-JLT) has become the most promising device in sub nano-meter regime. DGJLT based circuits have improved performance and simpler fabrication than...