空气污染排放视角下中国核电的健康效益

核电在改善空气质量方面具有重要的作用。本文对比了核电与煤电的空气污染物排放系数,根据空气污染物引起的死亡率与人均燃煤发电量的负指数幂关系,评估了中国通过发展核电在改善空气质量方面对居民的健康效益,并对未来的健康效益进行了分析。结果显示,发展核电能够避免的死亡人数在增加。据估算,1995—2018年,中国核电累计可避免约4.7万人因空气污染物死亡,可避免约22.6万人因空气污染物患病。2020—2030年,预计会避免8.3万~9.4万人死亡,避免39.7万~45.1万人患病。     

安多霖对高功率微波照射大鼠性激素和氧化还原系统的影响

选用SD和Wistar大鼠为研究模型。将SD大鼠分为对照组、模型组、6和12 g/kg给药组,给药组动物安多霖连续灌胃30天,100 mW/cm2微波全身照射10分钟,照后24小时取全血分离血清,放射免疫法检测血清睾酮和卵泡刺激素（FSH）活性。将Wistar大鼠分为模型组、3、6和9 mg/kg给药组,给药组动物安多霖连续给药7天,以100 mW/cm2微波照射15分钟,照后继续给药至照后3、7和10天,取血分离血清,分光光度法检测血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量。结果显示,照后SD雄性大鼠血清睾酮含量较对照组显著降低（p〈0.05）,但给药组降低的幅度低于模型组,如12g/kg组与对照组之间无明显差异。从CAT、GSH-Px和GSH的分析结果看,安多霖可不同程度地提高Wistar大鼠血清CAT、GSH-Px活性和GSH含量,尤其是照后7天,6和9 mg/kg给药组GSH-Px活性较模型组有明显的提升（p〈0.05）。从以上结果可以得出,安多霖对微波辐射损伤的大鼠具有一定的保护作用。     

Radionuclides in primary coolant of a fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor during normal operation

The release of fission products from coated particle fuel to primary coolant,as well as the activation of coolant and impurities,were analysed for a fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR) system,and the activity of radionuclides accumulated in the coolant during normal operation was calculated.The release rate (release fraction per unit time) of fission products was calculated with STACY code,which is modelled mainly based on the Fick's law,while the activation of coolant and impurities was calculated with SCALE code.The accumulation of radionuclides in the coolant has been calculated with a simplified model,which is generally a time integration considering the generation and decay of radionuclides.The results show that activation products are the dominant gamma source in the primary coolant system during normal operation of the FHR while fission products become the dominant source after shutdown.In operation condition,health-impacts related nuclides such as 3H,and 14C originate from the activation of lithium and coolant impurities including carbon,nitrogen,and oxygen.According to the calculated effective cross sections of neutron activation,6Li and 14N are the dominant 3H production source and 14C production source,respectively.Considering the high production rate,3H and 14C should be treated before being released to the environment.     

A ctivation measurement of neutron distribution in intermediate energy heavy ion target area

The distribution of neutrons produced by the reaction of 50MeV/u ^12C-ion on a thick Cu target are studied.The neutrons are measured with threshold activation detectors.Al.F,C,Al and In activation samples were used to measure neutrons with energy greater than 7,11,20,50MeV and thermal neutrons,respectively,The fluence rate,energy and angular distributions of neutrons,total neutron yield of 12C-ion and the emission rate in the forward direction of neutrons over 11 and 20MeV were obtained.     

血液中铀的测定与探讨

本工作采用裂变径迹技术测定人体血液中的微量铀,血样品直接从健康者、从事铀研究的工作者和白血病患者的手指中取样(20μl),试图确定人体血液中微量铀的统计分布。实验测得健康者血液中微量铀的平均值为(3.06±0.10)×10~(-10)g/ml;从事铀工作者血液中微量铀的平均值为(4.53×0.12)×10~(-10)/ml;而白血病患者血液中微量铀的平均值为(7.74±0.15)×10~(-10)g/ml,是健康者2.5倍。所提供的方法灵敏度高、采血量少,对铀矿工作者职业保护有实用意义,并为寻找理想的解毒和促排药物提供可靠的依据。     

熔池中液态金属自由表面温度分布与液面形状研究

根据Ｙｏｕｎｇ－Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程对液态铀溶池的自由表面进行了数值计算。得到了表面凹陷与表面温度分布的关系。阐明了电子枪加热金属表面时出现的凹陷是由于原子蒸汽对液态金属表面反冲压力所引起的，而不是电子束的冲量造成的观点。对不同最高温度及不同熔池宽度的液态铀熔池表面凹陷形状进行了计算。     

ADSP2101FEL－ICE开发系统

本文介绍了一种数字信号处理器（ＡＤＳＰ－２１０１）的开发系统──ＡＤＳＰ２１０ＩＦＥＬ－ＩＣＥ。描述了它的基本功能和设计思想。     

两阶段机场多特种车辆协同充电调度策略

在机场区域内,新能源特种车辆充电具有很大的随机性,且不同种类特种车辆充电情况各不相同,造成飞行区内各充电桩利用率相差过大,影响机场配电网的健康运行。针对上述现象,设计了十一车型两阶段特种车辆协同充电调度策略。第一阶段通过分析不同车辆对航班的保障流程,以同一车辆对相邻航班保障起始时间差值最小为目标,生成存在充电需求的车辆序列。第二阶段以减小飞行区各区充电桩时间利用率方差和车辆充电排队时间为目标,在上一阶段车辆序列基础上采用改进的自适应变异粒子群算法进行模型求解,并以国内某枢纽机场的实际车辆充电数据进行对比验证。实验表明,采用该算法后,车辆充电时的等待时间降低了93.5%、飞行区充电桩时间利用率的整体方差下降了88.7%,达到了均衡使用充电桩的目标。     

基于MPSoC的轻量化汽车检测系统及硬件加速 平台设计与优化

针对车辆分类检测在精度和实时性方面存在的挑战,提出了一项改进方案,以优化YOLOv5s 模型,旨在实现轻量化 的汽车检测。通过在MPSoC硬件架构的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA) 上设计系统,成功打造了一个具备高精度、快速检测和低 能耗的解决方案。为了使得模型更适合嵌入式设备部署,采用了MobileNetv3 Small 替代YOLOv5s 的主干网络,并引入卷积 块注意力模块(CBAM) 注意力机制和Inner-IoU Loss 优化方法,使模型在轻量化的同时提升了检测精度和速度。改进后的模 型相较于原始Yolov5s模型,平均精度均值(mAP) 提升了14.8%,参数量减少了49.7%,模型体积减小了40.7%,计算量减 少了48.9%,在NVIDIA 3060上,改进后的检测速度提升了48.8%,达到了82 fps。此外,还利用FPGA 对YOLOv5s 进行了 硬件加速。经过优化的系统达到了45fps 的检测帧率,并保持了较高的精度和速度,这一系统易于部署,适用于智能交通系 统,满足其高效实时监测的需求。     

Performance of N95 elastomeric respirators in high humidity and high coal dust concentration environmentOA

High humidity and high dust concentration in deep coal mines may severely challenge the performance of respirators worn by coal miners.This paper aims at quantitatively evaluating the respirators used in deep coal mines and providing scientific guidance for the respiratory protection of miners.Based on the self-designed in-situ PM_2.5collector,controllable PM_2.5generator,human breathing simulator,and respirator simulation testing system,under the simulated deep mine working ...