全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9736篇 |
免费 | 560篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 128篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
化学工业 | 2058篇 |
金属工艺 | 200篇 |
机械仪表 | 175篇 |
建筑科学 | 457篇 |
矿业工程 | 10篇 |
能源动力 | 359篇 |
轻工业 | 828篇 |
水利工程 | 69篇 |
石油天然气 | 25篇 |
无线电 | 821篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1991篇 |
冶金工业 | 1458篇 |
原子能技术 | 75篇 |
自动化技术 | 1653篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 113篇 |
2022年 | 144篇 |
2021年 | 312篇 |
2020年 | 214篇 |
2019年 | 232篇 |
2018年 | 274篇 |
2017年 | 243篇 |
2016年 | 294篇 |
2015年 | 264篇 |
2014年 | 374篇 |
2013年 | 596篇 |
2012年 | 576篇 |
2011年 | 716篇 |
2010年 | 539篇 |
2009年 | 512篇 |
2008年 | 509篇 |
2007年 | 456篇 |
2006年 | 406篇 |
2005年 | 326篇 |
2004年 | 305篇 |
2003年 | 236篇 |
2002年 | 230篇 |
2001年 | 114篇 |
2000年 | 139篇 |
1999年 | 140篇 |
1998年 | 259篇 |
1997年 | 166篇 |
1996年 | 139篇 |
1995年 | 108篇 |
1994年 | 105篇 |
1993年 | 90篇 |
1992年 | 62篇 |
1991年 | 55篇 |
1990年 | 66篇 |
1989年 | 71篇 |
1988年 | 51篇 |
1987年 | 65篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 56篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 47篇 |
1982年 | 48篇 |
1981年 | 51篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 52篇 |
1978年 | 38篇 |
1977年 | 46篇 |
1976年 | 58篇 |
1974年 | 32篇 |
1973年 | 29篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
21.
In this paper we present a general strategy for finding efficient permutation routes in parallel networks. Among the popular parallel networks to which the strategy applies are mesh networks, hypercube networks, hypercube-derivative networks, ring networks, and star networks. The routes produced are generally congestion-free and take a number of routing steps that is within a small constant factor of the diameter of the network. Our basic strategy is derived from an algorithm that finds (in polynomial time) efficient permutation routes for aproduct network, G×H, given efficient permutation routes forG andH. We investigate the use of this algorithm for routingmultiple permutations and extend its applicability to a wide class of graphs, including several families ofCayley graphs. Finally, we show that our approach can be used to find efficient permutation routes among the remaining live nodes infaulty networks.This research was supported in part by a grant from the NSF, Grant No. CCR-88-12567. 相似文献
22.
Nicholas Biery Marc De Graef Jack Beuth Rafel Raban Andrew Elliott Tresa M. Pollock Curt Austin 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2002,33(10):3127-3136
Tensile experiments have been performed on specimens of four different investment-cast TiAl-based alloys with variations in
casting conditions. The average ductilities obtained in these experiments vary between approximately 0.8 to 2.0 pct plastic
strain to failure in tension. By using the three-parameter form of the Weibull relation, with the 0.2 pct offset yield strength
as the minimum failure strength, the resulting variability in the data can be quantified and is found to be similar for those
alloys with similar microstructural scale (grain size). Large variations in lamellar volume fraction, segregation, and phase
distribution have a minor influence on property variability, compared to changes in the scale of the grain structure caused
by either variations in cooling rate during casting or the addition of grain refiners. 相似文献
23.
Uwe Kruger David Antory Juergen Hahn George W. Irwin Geoff McCullough 《Computers & Chemical Engineering》2005,29(11-12):2355
Although principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool in standard multivariate data analysis, little interest has been devoted to assessing whether the underlying relationship within a given variable set can be described by a linear PCA model or whether nonlinear PCA must be utilized. This paper addresses this deficiency by introducing a nonlinearity measure for principal component models. The measure is based on the following two principles: (i) the range of recorded process operation is divided into smaller regions; and (ii) accuracy bounds are determined for the sum of the discarded eigenvalues. If this sum is within the accuracy bounds for each region, the process is assumed to be linear and vice versa. This procedure is automated through the use of cross-validation. Finally, the paper shows the utility of the new nonlinearity measure using two simulation studies and with data from an industrial melter process. 相似文献
24.
Jean‐Marc Aldric Philippe Thonart 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(10):1401-1408
BACKGROUND: In the framework of biological processes used for waste gas treatment, the impact of the inoculum size on the start‐up performance needs to be better evaluated. Moreover, only a few studies have investigated the behaviour of elimination capacity and biomass viability in a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) used for waste gas treatment. Lastly, the impact of ethanol as a co‐substrate remains misunderstood. RESULTS: Firstly, no benefit of inoculation with a high cellular density (>1.5 g L?1) was observed in terms of start‐up performance. Secondly, the TPPB was monitored for 38 days to characterise its behaviour under several operational conditions. The removal efficiency remained above 63% for an inlet concentration of 7 g isopropylbenzene (IPB) m?3 and at some time points reached 92% during an intermittent loading phase (10 h day?1), corresponding to a mean elimination capacity of 4 × 10?3 g L?1 min?1 (240 g m?3 h?1) for a mean IPB inlet load of 6.19 × 10?3 g L?1 min?1 (390 g m?3 h?1). Under continuous IPB loading, the performance of the TPPB declined, but the period of biomass acclimatisation to this operational condition was shorter than 5 days. The biomass grew to approximately 10 g L?1 but the cellular viability changed greatly during the experiment, suggesting an endorespiration phenomenon in the bioreactor. It was also shown that simultaneous degradation of IPB and ethanol occurred, suggesting that ethanol improves the biodegradation process without causing oxygen depletion. CONCLUSION: A water/silicone oil TPPB with ethanol as co‐substrate allowed the removal of a high inlet load of IPB during an experiment lasting 38 days. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
25.
Many problems consist in splitting a set of objects into different groups so that each group verifies some properties. In practice, a partitioning is often encoded by an array mapping each object to its group numbering. In fact, the group number of an object does not really matter, and one can simply rename each group to obtain a new encoding. That is what we call the symmetry of the search space in a partitioning problem. This property may be prejudicial for optimization methods such as evolutionary algorithms (EA) which require some diversity during the search. 相似文献
26.
Two proprietary biocides were compounded and extruded at three concentrations, respectively, into high density polyethylene-maple wood flour lumber (HDPE-MWL) and evaluated for their efficacy to control fungal colonization and discoloration using the ASTM Standard G 21-96. Although the silver biocide used in this study did not control fungal colonization and discoloration of HDPE-MWL, statistically significant difference was observed between the highest silver biocide concentration and those of the two lower silver biocide concentrations. The latter exhibited no significant difference with the controls. In contrast, the three levels of zinc biocides showed significant difference from each other with respect to their efficacy against fungal colonization and discoloration of HDPE-MWL. Overall, only the zinc biocide was efficacious against fungal colonization and discoloration. The biocide containing zinc as an active biocidal agent was most efficacious at 1% (by weight) concentration. 相似文献
27.
Leslie E. Chipman Benjamin B. Bederson Jennifer A. Golbeck 《Behaviour & Information Technology》2004,23(1):1-9
The SlideBar is a physical linear input device for absolute position control of 1° of freedom, consisting of a physical slider with a graspable knob positioned near or attached to the keyboard. Its range of motion is directly mapped to a one dimensional input widget such as a scrollbar. The SlideBar provides absolute position control in one dimension, is usable in the non-dominant hand in conjunction with a pointing device, and offers constrained passive haptic feedback. These characteristics make the device appropriate for the common class of tasks characterized by one-dimensional input and constrained range of operation. An empirical study of three devices (SlideBar, mouse controlled scrollbar, and mousewheel) shows that for common scrolling tasks, the SlideBar has a significant advantage over a standard mouse controlled scrollbar in user preference. In addition, users tended to prefer it over the mousewheel (without statistical significance). 相似文献
28.
Mixtures of Cr and Mo elemental powders, with the nominal compositions Cr25Mo75, Cr50Mo50, and Cr75Mo25, are processed by high-energy ball milling at ambient temperature. Milling is observed to force the mixing of the immiscible
bcc elements Cr and Mo into solid solutions. The lattice parameter of these solid solutions, measured by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), displays the expected positive deviation from Vegard’s law. These deviations are compared to the ones predicted by
Eshelby’s inclusion model for dilute alloys. The conventional Williamson-Hall approach is shown to fail to determine the grain
size in as-milled samples, probably due to the high density of dislocations. Annealing at 700 °C for 10 hours under argon
leads to a large reduction in structural defect density, without inducing any significant decomposition. The mixing measured
in Cr-Mo is discussed in the broader context of the mechanical mixing forced by ball milling in moderately immiscible systems. 相似文献
29.
An analytical solution is presented to the problem of steady groundwater flow seeping into a pumped cylindrical hole partially penetrating a homogeneous and anisotropic confined aquifer overlying a gravel substratum. Solutions are obtained for two general cases of the problem: (1) when the level of the pumped hole is below the confining layer; (2) when it is above it. The validity of the proposed theory is tested by comparing analytical predictions obtained for a few flow situations with corresponding results obtained by numerical means. The theory presented here can be utilized to convert the rate of rise of water in a pumped auger hole into directional conductivities of soil, in areas where water is found to be in a confined state overlying a gravel substratum. The study shows that the conductivity values calculated by neglecting the confining pressure of an artesian aquifer with a gravel base [i.e., by applying the existing (Boast and Kirkham in 1971), auger hole seepage theory for a phreatic aquifer with a gravel base to confined situations] may result in serious error; hence, the artesian head of an aquifer must be accounted for while computing the conductivity values. Further, it is observed that the area contributing flow to a pumped auger hole/well with a gravel base is mostly restricted to a short radial distance from the center of the hole, particularly for situations where the gravel substratum is located close to the bottom of the hole. This is in contrast to auger hole flow situations overlying an impervious substratum, where the domain contributing flow is mostly spread out to a considerable distance from the center of the hole. 相似文献
30.
In this report, we describe the nature of intermediate order in silicon as determined by recent measurements on thin films using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman scattering. The TEM images show in addition to the expected continuous random network (CRN), the presence of highly ordered quasi-one-dimensional “chain-like objects” (CLO's) that are 1–2 nm wide and tens of nm long that meander and show some evidence of cross-linking with each other. The presence of these objects correlate to a Raman feature centered at 490 cm−1 whose width is 35–40 cm−1, and is used to quantify the heterogeneity in terms of the CLO and CRN (=475 cm−1 scattering) concentrations. The 490 and 35 cm−1 values are consistent with bond angle deviations approaching 0°, and thus reinforces an association with the CLOs. We find that in reference quality a-Si:H (made using pure SiH4), the CLO concentration is about 5 vol%, while in state-of-the-art material using high H2 levels of dilution during processing, it increases to about 15%. Increased stability of such material to light-soaking is thus not mediated by a direct volumetric replacement of poor with high-quality components. Rather, an important characteristic of intermediate order in silicon is the low-dimensional aspect of its order, which allows it to influence more total volume than which it is itself composed. Consistent with these and other recent findings, we propose a tensegrity model of amorphous silicon. 相似文献