全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4692篇 |
免费 | 207篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 54篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
化学工业 | 963篇 |
金属工艺 | 86篇 |
机械仪表 | 71篇 |
建筑科学 | 275篇 |
矿业工程 | 4篇 |
能源动力 | 199篇 |
轻工业 | 479篇 |
水利工程 | 30篇 |
石油天然气 | 10篇 |
无线电 | 400篇 |
一般工业技术 | 840篇 |
冶金工业 | 537篇 |
原子能技术 | 35篇 |
自动化技术 | 923篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 44篇 |
2022年 | 67篇 |
2021年 | 126篇 |
2020年 | 84篇 |
2019年 | 100篇 |
2018年 | 110篇 |
2017年 | 102篇 |
2016年 | 139篇 |
2015年 | 126篇 |
2014年 | 160篇 |
2013年 | 289篇 |
2012年 | 292篇 |
2011年 | 352篇 |
2010年 | 298篇 |
2009年 | 268篇 |
2008年 | 287篇 |
2007年 | 242篇 |
2006年 | 213篇 |
2005年 | 185篇 |
2004年 | 163篇 |
2003年 | 141篇 |
2002年 | 122篇 |
2001年 | 62篇 |
2000年 | 78篇 |
1999年 | 54篇 |
1998年 | 85篇 |
1997年 | 61篇 |
1996年 | 64篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 54篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有4909条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
David Gabriel Huub H. J. Cox Marc A. Deshusses 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,130(10):1110-1117
Until recently, biological treatment of odors in biofilters or biotrickling filters was thought to require a longer gas contact time than chemical scrubbing, hence bioreactors for air treatment required a larger footprint. This paper discusses the conversion of chemical scrubbers to biological trickling filters. Initially, research was conducted with a laboratory-scale biotrickling filter. An effective open-pore polyurethane packing material was identified and H2S biotreatment performance was quantified. Key technical issues in determining the general suitability of converting wet scrubbers to biotrickling filters were identified, and a generic ten-step conversion procedure was developed. Following the laboratory research, five full-scale chemical scrubbers treating odorous air at the Sanitation District of Orange County, Calif., were converted to biotrickling filters. The original airflow rate was maintained, resulting in a gas contact time as low as 1.6–3.1?s. The converted biotrickling filters demonstrated an excellent capability for treating high H2S concentrations to concentrations below regulatory limits. This study shows outstanding potential for converting chemical scrubbers to biotrickling filters at publicly owned treatment works. 相似文献
82.
Marc Rennhard Sandro Rafaeli Laurent Mathy Bernhard Plattner David Hutchison 《Electronic Commerce Research》2004,4(1-2):83-111
The lack of privacy is one of the main reasons that limits trust in e-commerce. Current e-commerce practice enforces a customer to disclose her identity to the e-shop and the use of credit cards makes it straightforward for an e-shop to know the real identity of its customers. Although there are some payment systems based on untraceable tokens, they are not as widely used as credit cards. Furthermore, even without buying anything, a customer is already disclosing some information about who or where she may be by just connecting to the e-shop's web server and leaving behind an IP-address. In this paper, we present novel components that enable secure pseudonymous e-commerce. On the one hand, these components allow a customer to browse through an e-shop, select goods, and pay the goods with her credit card such that neither the e-shop operator nor the credit card issuer nor an eavesdropper is able to get any information about the customer's identity. On the other hand, it is guaranteed that none of the involved parties is able to act dishonestly during the credit card payment. Such a system could greatly enhance trust in e-commerce since it overcomes the customers' privacy concerns. 相似文献
83.
This paper represents a first attempt at a systematic study of sensitivity analysis for scheduling problems. Because schedules contain both combinatorial and temporal structures, scheduling problems present unique issues for sensitivity analysis. Some of the issues that we discuss have not been considered before. Others, while studied before, have not been explored in the context of scheduling. The applicability of these issues is illustrated using well-known scheduling models. We provide fast methods to determine when a previously optimal schedule remains optimal. Other methods restore an optimal schedule after a parameter change. The value of studying the sensitivity of an optimal sequence instead of the sensitivity of an optimal schedule is demonstrated. We show that, for some problems, sensitivity analysis results depend on the positions of jobs with changed parameters. We identify scheduling problems where performing additional or different computations during optimization facilitates sensitivity analysis. To improve the robustness of an optimal schedule, selection among multiple optimal schedules is considered. We discuss which types of sensitivity analysis questions are intractable because the scheduling problem itself is intractable. We also study how heuristic error bounds vary when the data of a scheduling problem is continuously modified. Although we focus on scheduling problems, several of the issues we discuss and our classification scheme can be extended to other optimization problems. 相似文献
84.
Marc Bodson Shankar SastryBrian D. O. Anderson Iven Mareels Robert R. Bitmead 《Systems & Control Letters》1986,7(3)
The paper presents nonlinear averaging theorems for two-time scale systems, where the dynamics of the fast system are allowed to vary with the slow system. The results are applied to the Narendra-Valavani adaptive control algorithm, and estimates of the parameter convergence rates are obtained which do not rely on a linearization of the system around the equilibrium, and therefore are valid in a larger region in the parameter space. 相似文献
85.
Representing Animations by Principal Components 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
In this paper, we present a representation for three-dimensional geometric animation sequences. Different from standard key-frame techniques, this approach is based on the determination of principal animation components and decouples the animation from the underlying geometry. The new representation supports progressive animation compression with spatial, as well as temporal, level-of-detail and high compression ratios. The distinction of animation and geometry allows for mapping animations onto other objects. 相似文献
86.
Nanocrystalline anatase was obtained from ionic liquid-like precursors containing hexafluorotitanate-organic salts and less than 25 wt.% of water, and using boric acid as fluoride scavenger. Two alternative heating methods were explored using either a conventional oven or a domestic microwave apparatus. A significant reduction in the reaction time from 24 h to only few minutes was obtained using the microwave route. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption analysis, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared, X-ray photoelectronic and Raman spectroscopes. The convenience of using the microwave heating option was a function of the organic cation present in the precursor. Thus, organic ammonium cations containing only hydrocarbon substituents, such as diethylammonium, phenylammonium and benzyltrimethylammonium led to the precipitation of nanocrystalline anatase powder with high specific surface area (up to 120 m2 g−1) in a short processing time (1-3 min). Otherwise, alcohol and carboxylate functionalized cations decomposed under microwave treatment. Moreover, the choice of the organic cation allowed tuning several properties of the end material, such as particle size and pore morphology. 相似文献
87.
Due to natural or man-made disasters, the evacuation of a whole region or city may become necessary. Apart from private traffic, the emergency services also need to consider transit-dependent evacuees which have to be transported from collection points to secure shelters outside the endangered region with the help of a bus fleet. We consider a simplified version of the arising bus evacuation problem (BEP), which is a vehicle scheduling problem that aims at minimizing the network clearance time, i.e., the time needed until the last person is brought to safety. In this paper, we consider an adjustable robust formulation without recourse for the BEP, the robust bus evacuation problem (RBEP), in which the exact numbers of evacuees are not known in advance. Instead, a set of likely scenarios is known. After some reckoning time, this uncertainty is eliminated and planners are given exact figures. The problem is to decide for each bus, if it is better to send it right away—using uncertain information on the evacuees—or to wait until the the scenario becomes known. We present a mixed-integer linear programming formulation for the RBEP and discuss solution approaches; in particular, we present a tabu search framework for finding heuristic solutions of acceptable quality within short computation time. In computational experiments using both randomly generated instances and the real-world scenario of evacuating the city of Kaiserslautern, Germany, we compare our solution approaches. 相似文献
88.
Social networks open up new business opportunities for customer acquisition and retention, facilitate knowledge transfer within the company, and can positively influence work climate. However, they can also quickly destroy a company image that took years to build, while the use of social networks at work not only risks a loss in productivity but may also undermine legal obligations. Eager networkers might also divulge company internals to competitors or the public at large. And last but not least, “friendships” open up completely new attack vectors for professional hackers, thus significantly increasing company exposure to online break-ins. This article briefly summarizes the opportunities and dangers that this development poses for business. This contribution is based on an earlier article by the same authors (in German) (Langheinrich and Karjoth, 2010). 相似文献
89.
Kim Ghilarducci Valrie C. Cabana Ali Harake Laurent Cappadocia Marc P. Lussier 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
Rab7 is a GTPase that controls late endosome and lysosome trafficking. Recent studies have demonstrated that Rab7 is ubiquitinated, a post-translational modification mediated by an enzymatic cascade. To date, only one ubiquitin E3 ligase and one deubiquitinase have been identified in regulating Rab7 ubiquitination. Here, we report that RNF167, a transmembrane endolysosomal ubiquitin ligase, can ubiquitinate Rab7. Using immunoprecipitation and in vitro ubiquitination assays, we demonstrate that Rab7 is a direct substrate of RNF167. Subcellular fractionation indicates that RNF167 activity maintains Rab7′s membrane localization. Epifluorescence microscopy in HeLa cells shows that Rab7-positive vesicles are larger under conditions enabling Rab7 ubiquitination by RNF167. Characterization of its ubiquitination reveals that Rab7 must be in its GTP-bound active form for membrane anchoring and, thus, accessible for RNF167-mediated ubiquitin attachment. Cellular distribution analyses of lysosome marker Lamp1 show that vesicle positioning is independent of Rab7 and RNF167 expression and that Rab7 endosomal localization is not affected by RNF167 knockdown. However, both Rab7 and RNF167 depletion affect each other’s lysosomal localization. Finally, this study demonstrates that the RNF167-mediated ubiquitination of Rab7 GTPase is impaired by variants of Charcot–Marie–Tooth Type 2B disease. This study identified RNF167 as a new ubiquitin ligase for Rab7 while expanding our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the ubiquitination of Rab7. 相似文献
90.
A survey on coverage path planning for robotics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Coverage Path Planning (CPP) is the task of determining a path that passes over all points of an area or volume of interest while avoiding obstacles. This task is integral to many robotic applications, such as vacuum cleaning robots, painter robots, autonomous underwater vehicles creating image mosaics, demining robots, lawn mowers, automated harvesters, window cleaners and inspection of complex structures, just to name a few. A considerable body of research has addressed the CPP problem. However, no updated surveys on CPP reflecting recent advances in the field have been presented in the past ten years. In this paper, we present a review of the most successful CPP methods, focusing on the achievements made in the past decade. Furthermore, we discuss reported field applications of the described CPP methods. This work aims to become a starting point for researchers who are initiating their endeavors in CPP. Likewise, this work aims to present a comprehensive review of the recent breakthroughs in the field, providing links to the most interesting and successful works. 相似文献