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991.
In this work the use of poly(vinylidene) fluoride based membrane as interfaces for the biphasic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldheyde has been reported. The membranes have been prepared by means of dry-wet phase inversion. Membranes with different surface characteristics have been selected for the oxidation reaction. 相似文献
992.
Kiany S.B. Cavalcante Maria N.C. Penha Hilton C. Louzeiro Antonio C.S. Vasconcelos Adeilton P. Maciel Fernando C. Silva 《Fuel》2010,89(5):1172-1176
In the present study, the synthesis of fatty acid esters from castor oil using an alkaline catalyst was optimized. The variables reaction time, catalyst amount and oil:ethanol molar ratio were studied using a central composite rotatable design. The effects and significance of the models on the response variable and on ethyl biodiesel yield derived from pure castor oil were evaluated using a response surface curve and analysis of variance. All the variables significantly affected the reaction yield, the amount of catalyst being the most effective. The highest yield was obtained using an oil:ethanol molar ratio of 1:11, 1.75% KOH and a reaction time of 90 min. 相似文献
993.
994.
Georgia Ouzounidou Kalliope K. Papadopoulou Maria Asfi Ioanna Mirtziou Fragiskos Gaitis 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2013,48(8):1610-1617
Four different chemical treatments, GA3, 1‐MCP, essential oils and nano‐Cu, were applied immediately after harvest to Petroselinum crispum (Mill) plants. The efficacy of the above chemicals on shelf life extension of parsley stored at 5 °C and 20 °C was determined by analysing physiological and biochemical factors that determine quality standards of storage fresh parsley. Nonsprayed parsley revealed the highest loss of weight, ascorbic acid, pigments and an enhancement of CO2 production and lipid peroxidation at 5 °C and 20 °C of storage. Nano‐Cu was more effective for delaying weight loss and revealed a better storage capacity. GA3, 1‐MCP and essential oils sprays were more effective in ascorbic acid retention at 20 °C than at 5 °C, whereas all substances protect samples from lipid peroxidation. Essential oils were more clearly inhibitory towards both total viable counts and yeast infection. Our results suggest that GA3, 1‐MCP, essential oils and Nano‐Cu exert their function through different mechanisms during ripening and could provide an effective and complementary means for maintaining high‐quality parsley leaves after harvest. 相似文献
995.
Martha Lomeli Luisa Maria Flores-Velez Imelda Esparza Roberto Torres Octavio Domínguez 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2009,92(7):1526-1533
The present work represents preliminary results concerning the effect of nanometric CaF2 particles on the sintering behavior of kaolin. The nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous solutions of CaCl2 dissolved with an organic dispersant and HF. The morphology and particle size of the obtained nanoparticles were square-like, having a mean length of 25 nm. Kaolin was mixed with different amounts of nanometric CaF2 (from 0.625 to 5.0 wt%) and the mixtures were milled, pressed, and sintered. From sintering experiments, it was observed that additions of CaF2 nanoparticles in kaolin clay could shift the phase transition temperatures to lower values. Specifically, the densification temperature could be reduced by almost 150°C when 2.5 wt% of CaF2 was incorporated. Besides, adding 1.25% of nanometric CaF2 can achieve that compressive strength augments from 125 to 185 MPa in kaolin samples sintered at 1200°C, meaning an improvement of 40% in the properties of the final material. 相似文献
996.
Claudia F. Galinha Gilda Carvalho Carla A. M. Portugal Giuseppe Guglielmi Maria A. M. Reis João G. Crespo 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2011,86(7):985-992
BACKGROUND: The use of two‐dimensional (2D) fluorescence for monitoring complex biological systems requires careful assessment of the effect of chemical species present, which may be fluorescent and/or may interfere with the fluorescence response of target fluorophores. Given the complexity of fluorescence data (excitation emission matrices—EEMs), the challenge is how to recover the information embedded into those EEMs that can be related quantitatively with the observed performance of the biological processes under study. RESULTS: This work shows clearly that interference effects (such as quenching and inner filter effects) occur due to the presence of multiple species in complex biological media, such as natural water matrices, wastewaters and activated sludge. A statistical multivariate analysis is proposed to recover quantitative information from 2D fluorescence data, correlating EEMs with the observed performance. A selected case study is discussed, where 2D fluorescence spectra obtained from the effluent of a membrane bioreactor were compressed using PARAFAC and successfully correlated with the effluent chemical oxygen demand, using projection to latent structures modelling. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential of using 2D fluorescence spectroscopy as a status fingerprint. Additionally, it is shown how statistical multivariate data analysis can be used to correlate EEMs with selected performance parameters for monitoring of biological systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
997.
Konstantinos Iliopoulos George Chatzikyriakos Maria DemetriouTheodora Krasia-Christoforou Stelios Couris 《Optical Materials》2011,33(8):1342-1349
The synthesis and characterization of novel micellar nanohybrids with controllable sizes consisting of palladium nanosized core and covered by well-defined poly(lauryl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate) (pLauMA-b-pAEMA) diblock copolymers are reported. Their nonlinear optical (NLO) response (i.e. nonlinear refraction and absorption and the third-order susceptibility χ(3)) is also studied under 35 ps laser excitation both in the visible and in the infrared and found to be insensitive to the size of the micelles while it was found to be greatly affected by the molar fraction of the AEMA block. To the best of our knowledge it is the first time that such Pd micellar nanohybrids are synthesized and investigated towards their NLO properties. The magnitude of the nonlinear optical response of these nanohybrids renders them promising candidates for potential optoelectronic applications. 相似文献
998.
Maria Ferreira Fernanda A. R. Oliveira &Rolf Jost 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1999,34(1):27-32
Summary An attempt was made to reduce the microbial load of unpasteurized fresh egg white by using cross-flow microfiltration and a Tetra-Laval bactocatch installation. Cross-flow tangential microfiltration of liquid fresh egg white was not feasible as there was irreversible membrane clogging within a few minutes of operation. As membrane clogging could have been caused by ovomucin, this protein was removed from whole fresh egg white by increasing the salt strength and lowering the pH. Ovomucin-depleted egg white (ODEW) was successfully microfiltered on the same membrane. Compared to fresh egg white, ODEW had lower foaming and viscous properties, and these properties remained unchanged after bactofiltration. The reduction of microbial load was, however, relatively low. 相似文献
999.
Kristofer Fredin Erik M.J. Johansson Tobias Blom Maria Hedlund Stefan Plogmaker Hans Siegbahn Klaus Leifer Håkan Rensmo 《Synthetic Metals》2009,159(1-2):166-170
We describe a method to fill thin films of nanoporous TiO2 with solid organic hole-conducting materials and demonstrate the procedure specifically for use in the preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells. Cross-sections of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and it was observed that a hot molten organic material fills pores that are 10 μm below the surface of the film. We characterized the incident photon to current conversion efficiency properties of the solid TiO2/organic dye/organic hole-conductor heterojunctions and the spectra show that the dye is still active after the melting process. 相似文献
1000.
Intermetallic compounds of Al3Ti and L12 (Al3Ti base) microalloyed with Fe have been obtained using a melting/casting rapid solidification technique. Microstructural characterization of these alloys has been carried out through analytical SEM observations and also x-ray diffraction studies. Contaminants in these alloys have also been studied and their nature explored. Other morphology structural features such as grain size have been studied. 相似文献